DENTAL HYGIENE NC IV – TESDA COURSE MODULE

TESDA TRAINING REGULATIONS FOR DENTAL HYGIENE NC IV

This TESDA Course in DENTAL HYGIENE LEVEL IV consists of competencies relating to rendering oral health promotion and preventive measures, performing oral examination and prophylaxis, taking brief clinical history, taking radiographs, giving oral-health  education to patients, managing dental records and resources and providing effective patient/client service.

Occupational/Job titles corresponding to this qualification may include:

• Dental Hygienist
• Dental Assistant

The national practice of this qualification requires a license from the Board of Dentistry – Professional Regulation Commission.

DENTAL HYGIENE NC IV – TRAINING AND REGULATION MODULE

Course Title: DENTAL HYGIENE
Level: NC IV
Nominal Training Duration :

Basic Competencies – 96 hours
Common Competencies – 56 hours
Core Competencies – 3,351 hours

Total Nominal Duration – 3,499 hours
OJT – 1,056 Hours

This course is designed to enhance the knowledge, skills and attitudes of an individual in the field of DENTAL HYGIENE in accordance with industry standards. It covers core competencies such as: performing oral examination, promoting oral health and hygiene, operating a dental radiographic equipment, applying the principle of radiology, biology and protection in dental practice, performing scaling and polishing, maintaining dental records and resources, and providing effective patient’s/clients service.

This includes the common competencies: Maintain an effective relationship with customers and clients, maintain instruments and equipment in the work area, manage own performance, follow occupational health and safety policies in dental facilities, maintain infection control in dental practice, apply basic first aid and operate a personal computer.

It also includes competencies such as: Utilize specialized communication skills, develop teams and individuals, apply problem solving techniques in the workplace, collect, analyse and organize information, plan and organize work and promote environmental protection.

This list does not include specific institutional requirements such as educational attainment, appropriate work experience, and others that may be required of the trainees by the school of training center delivering this TVET program.

The above requirements will satisfy the prescribed 2 years certificate in dental hygiene with at least 6 months OJT in the IRR of Republic Act 9484 (PRC Board of Dentistry Resolution No. 12 s. 2007).

Completion of the two-year course and the six- month on-the-job training is required for those applying for the PRC licensure exam.

Pursuant to the provision of the IRR of Republic Act 9484, the Dental Hygiene Level IV program shall be registered in UTPRAS to a recognized and legally constituted college, or school of dentistry.

*Note: The OJT should be at least six months and may be integrated/embedded in the two-year program.

TRAINEE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

The trainees who wish to enter the course should possess the following requirements:

• Must have completed twelve (12) years of basic education (Senior High School) or Alternative Learning System (ALS) Certificate of Completion with grade twelve (12) equivalent holder
• Must be physically and;
• Must have good communication skills

COMPETENCIES REQUIRED IN DENTAL HYGIENE NC IV

This units of competency comprising this qualification include Basic, Common and Core Competencies.

To obtain this TESDA Course in DENTAL HYGIENE NC IV, all units prescribed below for this qualification must be achieved.

These units of competency comprising this qualification include the following:

UNIT CODE	CORE COMPETENCIES (3,351 hours)
HHC325301	Perform oral examination
HHC325302	Promote oral health and hygiene
HHC325303	Operate a dental radiographic equipment
HHC325304	Apply the principle of radiology biology and protection in dental practice
HHC325305	Perform scaling and polishing
HHC325306	Maintain dental records and resources
HHC325307	Provide effective patient/client service
UNIT CODE	COMMON COMPETENCIES (56 hours)
HHC516201	Maintain an effective relationship with customers and clients
HHC516202	Manage own performance
HHC322201	Maintain instruments and equipment in work area
HHC322204	Follow occupational health and safety policies in dental laboratory facilities
HHC322205	Maintain infection control in dental practice
HHC323203	Apply basic first aid
ICT311201	Operate a personal computer
UNIT CODE	BASIC COMPETENCIES (96 hours)
5003311401	Utilize specialized communication skills
5003311402	Develop and lead teams
5003311403	Perform higher-order thinking processes and apply techniques in the workplace
5003311404	Contribute to the practice of social justice in the workplace
5003311405	Manage innovative work instructions
5003311406	Manage and evaluate usage of information
5003311407	Lead in improvement of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) programs, policies and procedures
5003311408	Lead towards improvement of environment work programs, policies and procedures
5003311409	Sustain entrepreneurial skills

CORE COMPETENCIES

This section gives the details of the contents of the core units of competency required in DENTAL HYGIENE NC IV.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PERFORM ORAL EXAMINATION
UNIT CODE: HHC325301

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to take medical and dental history, examine teeth, gums and tissue of the mouth and educate patient on oral hygiene.

1. Take medical/ dental history of the patient
   • Information are collected from the patient in accordance with dental standard operating procedures.
   • Special conditions of the patient are determined and documented following established procedures.
   • Special precautionary measures are taken prior to dental examination based on patient’s medical condition.
   • Treatment appointments are allocated in accordance to priority
2. Examine teeth, gums and tissues of the mouth
   • Equipment/ instruments to be used during examinations are prepared and sterilized in accordance with OH&S standard operating procedures.
   • The oral cavity is checked/examined in accordance with OH&S standard operating procedures.
   • Teeth conditions are determined following established procedures.
   • Patient’s observations are recorded using tooth chart and other documentation methods
3. Educate patient on oral hygiene
   • Findings, concerns and issues are discussed with the patient
   • Professional advice/ recommendations on proper oral hygiene is given to the patient in accordance with the dentist instructions
   • A complete oral hygiene program is scheduled and maintained in accordance with the dentist instructions.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PROMOTE ORAL HEALTH AND HYGIENE
UNIT CODE: HHC325302

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required to provide an oral health promotion program in both dental clinic and community setting. It acknowledges that dental diseases are the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide and that oral diseases impacts on a person’s everyday life causing pain and disability and influencing eating, sleeping and social roles.

1. Develop oral health promotion strategies for the target group
   • Information on the causes and prevention of oral diseases is provided to the target group using language that can be easily understood.
   • Information on acids and fermentable carbohydrates are developed and given in a manner that can be easily understood
   • Target group are involved in the review of current dietary habits and the development of an approach to healthy eating which improves general and oral health
   • Information is provided on dentally healthy lifestyle and behavioral change
   • Appropriate environment is provided for the target group to ask questions and become involved in oral health
2. Implement an oral health promotion program
   • Target group and appropriate teaching and learning styles are identified to effectively communicate an oral health promotion program
   • Oral health issues are prioritized for the target group and the potential for interventions
   • Suitable oral health promotion materials are prepared for use across age groups
   • Flexibility of delivery of oral health promotions are ensured by taking into account the target group’s location, economic and physical circumstances, language, culture and communication needs
   • Community groups are actively involved in health decisions making and setting of oral health promotion priorities
   • A review strategy is implemented to determine the effectiveness of the oral health promotion program
   • Work collaboratively with other health care workers in a culturally sensitive and competent manner to address risk factors that oral diseases have in common with other diseases
   • The delivery of health information is personalized so that it is immediately relevant to the individual and the consequences of behavior

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: OPERATE DENTAL RADIOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT
UNIT CODE: HHC325303

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to operate dental radiographic equipment and position the patient and radiographic film in order to produce an interpretable diagnostic image

1. Position patient to obtain radiographic image
   • Radiation safety measures for patient, operator and others are implemented and maintained throughout the procedures.
   • Patient is positioned in accordance with radiographic procedures
2. Position dental radiographic receptor (film)
   • Appropriate receptor (film) is selected and positioned in accordance with the radiographic requirements
   • Appropriate technical variables on the dental radiographic unit are selected according to manufacturer’s specifications, procedures and patient requirements
   • Appropriate radiographic technique is selected in accordance with the tooth under investigation and anatomy of the oral cavity.
   • Receptor (Film) locating devices are selected and used in accordance with correct positioning of the receptor (film).
   • Accessories are selected according to manufacturer’s specifications.
3. Operate radiographic imaging equipment safely to produce an interpretable image
   • Equipment is operated in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications and legislative requirements for the safe use of radiation in dentistry
   • Patient is advised not to move throughout the procedures
   • The exposed dental radiographic receptor (film) package is carefully removed from the mouth
   • The exposed radiographic receptor (film) package is correctly labeled prior to processing
4. Process and provide quality assurance for the exposed dental radiographic film
   • Radiographic receptor (film) are correctly processed in accordance with the procedure
   • Processed receptor (film) are assessed for visual qualities based on established criteria
   • Processing errors and errors in technique are identified and corrected in accordance with established procedures
   • Radiographic images are mounted and stored in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.
5. Monitor equipment
   • Basic machine operation is monitored in accordance with machine operating manuals
   • Machine is referred to qualified personnel for regular check-up and maintenance following enterprise procedures
   • Breakdowns are reported to qualified personnel in accordance with organization and legislative guidelines

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: APPLY THE PRINCIPLE OF RADIATION BIOLOGY AND PROTECTION IN DENTAL PRACTICE
UNIT CODE: HHC325304

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to minimize the risk of radiation to the client, the operator and others during the exposure of a prescribed dental radiographic image. It also describes the quality assurance measures necessary to ensure all radiographs are of consistent diagnostic standard.

1. Apply knowledge of ionizing radiation to produce a dental radiograph
   • Knowledge of X-ray properties is demonstrated in accordance with occupational health and safety policies and procedures in minimizing radiation risks.
   • Technical variables of dental X-ray generating equipment are identified and selected in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications and client requirements
   • The main components of tubehead are identified
   • Appropriate technique for the type of cone is identified and selected
2. Apply knowledge of radiation biology to protect client, operator and others from ionizing radiation
   • Knowledge of the biological effects and risks associated with X-rays are applied in accordance with safe work practices in minimizing radiation risks to operator, clients and others.
   • Immediate and long term effects of radiation are interpreted in accordance with radiation policies and procedures
   • Units of radiation measurement are applied in accordance with radiation policies and procedures
   • Radiation safety measures for the patient, operator and others are implemented in accordance with established procedures
3. Determine image characteristics of a dental radiographic image to minimize the necessity for retake
   • Visual qualities of the radiograph are ensured of a diagnostic standard
   • Geometric qualities of the radiograph are ensured of a diagnostic standard
4. Minimize radiation by maintaining quality in processing
   • Contents of the film package are identified and determined in accordance to its usage
   • Quality assurance for processing dental radiographic images are maintained in accordance with OH&S policies and procedures
   • Quality assurance processes for the use of radiographic chemicals are followed in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications
   • Appropriate conditions for manual and automatic processing are maintained in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications
   • A range of processing errors are identified and corrective measures are implemented to produce a diagnostic radiograph

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PERFORM SCALING AND POLISHING
UNIT CODE: HHC325305

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes require to perform dental cleaning of teeth through scaling, polishing, and fluoride application.

1. Perform dental charting on patient
   • Dental charting is performed on patient to determine the type of treatment to be done.
   • Precautions are undertaken based on patient’s oral and medical condition.
   • Patient and operator are positioned in accordance with the dental cleaning procedures.
2. Scale and polish teeth
   • Dental cleaning instrument and devices are identified and prepared in accordance with patient requirements
   • Dental cleaning instrument is set, operated and adjusted in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications and patient’s convenience/comfort.
   • Deposits are removed from the surface of the tooth in accordance with dental established procedures
   • Devices or finer hand tools are used to remove smaller deposits and smoothen the tooth surface
   • Moderate amount of pressure is applied in removing supra and subgingival calcular deposits.
   • Scaled teeth are polished.
   • Appropriate dental material may be applied accordingly.
   • Unexpected events are responded to in accordance with existing medical practices
3. Motivate the patient
   • Findings are discussed with patient in layman’s terms
   • Where necessary, follow-up appointment is scheduled in the next 2 weeks to check on the improvement
   • Routine examination of the teeth is recommended for at least every six months or depending on the needs of the patient
   • Patient is advised on proper home-care and dental recall based on results of oral examination and dental diagnosis
   • Where necessary, patient is referred to dentist or other medical professionals for appropriate/further treatment

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: MAINTAIN DENTAL RECORDS AND RESOURCES
UNIT CODE: HHC325306

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to maintain patients/clients dental records and resources.

1. Maintain patient’s records
   • Patient’s/client’s vital signs are measured and recorded in accordance with clinic procedures.
   • Patient’s/client’s chief complaint are probed and recorded in accordance with clinic procedures.
   • Where applicable patient/client is rescheduled for another appointment to dental specialist or medical specialist.
   • Returning patient’s/client’s record/dental history is retrieved and referred to where appropriate.
   • Patient’s/client’s dental history/record is updated based on hygienist or dentist’s findings.
2. Maintain financial records of the clinic
   • Payments are received and recorded in accordance with accounting procedures
   • Billings and other related communications are prepared and sent to health insurance and other companies
   • Payments of patient’s/clients are monitored
3. Purchase dental products
   • Stocks are inventoried/monitored for replenishment
   • Dental equipment and materials are procured in accordance with established procedures
   • Purchased dental equipment and materials are inspected /tested and returned to suppliers where necessary
   • Dental materials and equipment are documented and stored/safekept in appropriate area/location
4. Monitor quality control
   • Service quality standards is established according to legal requirements, patient’s/client’s requirements and dental policy
   • Quality of service is monitored and ensured during delivery processes
   • Client feedbacks are solicited, recorded and analyzed in accordance with quality requirements
5. Comply with dental ethics and jurisprudence
   • Key elements of major legal systems affecting business to dental clinic operations are examined to ensure full compliance under legal and legislative provisions
   • Various issues affecting different forms of contract are compared within business operations
   • Statutory and legal requirements for the delivery of dental services are determined across the industry
   • Dental products are handled and stored according to standards, policies and procedures, and safety practices
   • Compliance with standards on current dental services, materials and equipment are monitored in accordance with statutory and legal requirements

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PROVIDE EFFECTIVE PATIENT/CLIENT SERVICE
UNIT CODE: HHC325307

This unit of competency deals with the knowledge, skills and attitudes in providing effective patient/client service. It includes greeting patient/client, identifying patient/client needs, delivering service to patient/client, handling queries through telephone, fax machine, internet and email and handling complaints, evaluation and recommendation.

1. Greet patient/client
   • Patient’s/client’s are greeted in line with dental procedure
   • Verbal and non-verbal communications are appropriate to the given situation
   • Non verbal communication of patient/client is observed responding to patient/client
   • Sensitivity to cultural and social differences is demonstrated
2. Identify patient/client needs
   • Appropriate interpersonal skills are used to ensure that patient/client needs are accurately identified
   • Patient/client needs are assessed for urgency so that priority for dental service delivery can be identified
   • Patient/client are provided with information regarding dental procedures
   • Personal limitation in addressing patient/client needs is identified and where appropriate, assistance is sought from dentist
3. Deliver dental service to patient/client
   • Patient/client needs are promptly attended to in line with dental procedures
   • Appropriate rapport is maintained with patient/client to enable high quality dental service
   • Opportunity to enhance the quality of dental services are taken wherever possible
4. Handle queries through telephone, fax machine, internet and email
   • Use telephone, computer, fax machine, internet efficiently to determine patient/client requirements
   • Queries/ information are recorded in line with dental procedure
   • Queries are acted upon promptly and correctly in line with dental procedure
5. Handle complaints, evaluation and recommendations
   • Patient/clients are greeted with a smile and eye-to-eye contact
   • Responsibility for resolving the complaint is taken within limit of responsibility
   • Nature and details of complaint are established and agreed with the patient/client
   • Appropriate treatment is taken to resolve the complaint to the patient/client satisfaction wherever possible

COMMON COMPETENCIES

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: MAINTAIN AN EFFECTIVE RELATIONSHIP WITH CLIENTS AND CUSTOMERS
UNIT CODE: HHC516201

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes and values required in building and maintaining an effective relationship with clients, customers and the public.

1. Maintain a clean and hygienic environment
   • Uniform and personal grooming maintained to assignment requirements.
   • Personal presence maintained according to employer standards.
   • Visible work area kept tidy and uncluttered.
   • Equipment stored according to assignment requirements.
2. Meet client/customer requirements
   • Client requirements identified and understood by referral to assignment instructions.
   • Client requirements met according to the assignment instructions.
   • Changes to client’s needs and requirements monitored and appropriate action taken.
   • All communication with client or customer is cleared and complied with assignment requirements.
3. Build credibility with customers/ clients
   • Client expectations for reliability, punctuality and appearance adhered to.
   • Possible causes of client/customer dissatisfaction identified, dealt with recorded according employer policy.
   • Client fully informed of all relevant matters in a timely manner and according to agreed reporting procedures.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: MANAGE OWN PERFORMANCE
UNIT CODE: HHC516202

This unit of competency covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes in effectively managing own workload and quality work.

1. Plan for completion of own workload
   • Tasks accurately identified.
   • Priority allocated to each task.
   • Time lines allocated to each task or series of tasks.
   • Tasks deadlines known and complied with whenever possible.
   • Work schedules are known and completed with agreed time frames.
   • Work plans developed according to assignment requirements and employer policy.
   • Uncompleted work or tasks detailed and responsibility for completion passed to incoming shift or other appropriate persons.
2. Maintain quality of performance
   • Personal performance continually monitored against agreed performance standards.
   • Advice and guidance sought when necessary to achieve or maintain agreed standards.
   • Guidance from management applied to achieve or maintain agreed standards.
   • Standard of work clarified and agreed according employer policy and procedures.
3. Build credibility with customers/ clients
   • Client expectations for reliability, punctuality and appearance adhered to.
   • Possible causes of client/customer dissatisfaction identified, dealt with, recorded and in accordance with employer policy.
   • Client fully informed of all relevant matters in a timely manner.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: MAINTAIN INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT IN WORK AREA
UNIT CODE: HHC346201

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required in maintaining instruments and equipment in the work area.

1. Prepare to clean used items
   • Safe work practices and standard precautions are followed at all times in accordance with legislative and workplace guidelines.
   • Sharps and sharps debris are disposed into a container and in accordance with workplace guidelines.
   • Waste is segregated and disposed in accordance with organization and legislative guidelines.
2. Clean and dry used items
   • Workflow protocols are maintained in instrument reprocessing area and in accordance with workplace guidelines.
   • Instruments are prepared for cleaning and in accordance with workplace guidelines.
   • Appropriate cleaning agents are selected and used in accordance with workplace guidelines and manufacturer’s specification.
   • Cleaning methods that avoid the generation of aerosols are used in accordance with workplace guidelines.
   • Instruments are dried and inspected for damage and remaining debris and in accordance with workplace procedures.
   • Cleaning process is monitored in accordance with workplace guidelines.
3. Prepare and pack items for storage
   • Instruments with hinges or ratchets are opened and unlocked in accordance with standard operating procedures.
   • Instrument trays are prepared in accordance with workplace protocols.
   • Critical site instruments are packaged or wrapped in a manner that prevents damage to delicate items.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: FOLLOW OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICIES IN DENTAL LABORATORY FACILITIES
UNIT CODE: HHC346204

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required in applying relevant OHS legislation and codes of practice, including duties and responsibilities for all parties under general duty of care.

1. Follow workplace procedures for hazard identification and risk control
   • Hazards in the work area are recognized and reported to supervisor in accordance with workplace procedures.
   • Workplace procedures and work instructions for controlling risks, including infection control, are followed accurately.
   • Workplace procedures for dealing with accidents, fires and emergencies are followed where necessary.
2. Contribute to the management of OHS
   • OHS issues are raised with designated personnel and co-workers as appropriate.
   • Contributions are made as appropriate to workplace OHS discussions.
3. Utilize and implement strategies as directed to prevent infection in the workplace
   • The environment is kept clean and tidy.
   • Personal hygiene practices are followed.
   • Any items that may be contaminated are disposed of safely.
4. Utilize strategies to prevent stress overload
   • Nominated rest time and breaks are taken.
   • Sources of stress are identified and issues raised with supervisor.
   • Work roles are clarified and followed.
5. Work in a safe manner
   • Defined procedures are followed to ensure personal safety.
   • All work is carried out in a manner which ensures safety of self and others
   • Organizational security measures are followed.
   • Safe manual handling procedures are followed.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: MAINTAIN INFECTION CONTROL IN DENTAL LABORATORY PRACTICE
UNIT CODE: HHC346205

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to comply with infection control procedures before, during and after health care procedures.

1. Monitor and maintain the cleanliness of the dental laboratory
   • Appropriate personal protective wear is used during cleaning of equipment and surfaces.
   • Appropriate disinfectants and cleaning equipment are selected, prepared and used on surfaces in accordance with the manufacturer’s specification.
   • Used surface covers, if applicable, are removed and replaced in a manner to prevent cross contamination.
   • Cleaning equipment is correctly stored.
   • All surfaces including internal storage units within the dental laboratory are monitored and maintained for cleanliness.
2. Clean and disinfect dental laboratory /instruments and equipment
   • Dental laboratory instruments and equipment are cleaned of bio-burden and lubricated, where appropriate, prior to cleaning and disinfecting.
   • Dental laboratory instruments and equipment are checked for faults and disassembled where appropriate.
   • Prior to cleaning of dental laboratory instruments and equipment are loaded safely and effectively.
   • Appropriate cleaning procedures are carried out in the correct sequence and duration in accordance with manufacturer specifications.
   • Regular maintenance program including faults and incidences are recognized, reported and documented.
3. Maintain hygiene and personal protection
   • Hand washing procedures are correctly followed.
   • Open cuts and abrasions are covered with a waterproof dressing.
   • Appropriate personal protection wear is correctly worn.
   • Immunization is undertaken in accordance with current recommendations for dental health care worker.
   • All work is carried out in a manner that minimizes the risk of cross contamination and complies with OHS policy and procedures.
   • Hazards in the dental laboratory is recognized and reported to operator.
   • Appropriate procedures for dealing with accidents, including sharp injuries, are followed correctly.
4. Dispose of dental laboratory waste safely
   • Appropriate protective clothing is worn or used in accordance with OHS policy and procedures when handling waste.
   • Waste is segregated, contained, stored and transported correctly.
   • Damaged and/or pre-packed items are disposed of safely.
   • Waste is disposed of safely.
5. Undertake the necessary measures to ensure prevention of transmission of infection
   • Risks of cross contamination are identified and appropriate responses implemented within dental practice.
   • Clean, contaminated and administrative zones are clearly identified and maintained.
   • Instruments, materials, medicaments and equipment are set up prior to commencement of treatment where appropriate.
   • One-way workflow from clean to dirty zone is maintained.
   • Risk of transmission of infection is minimized in all dental laboratory related and administrative procedures.
   • Spills are removed correctly.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : APPLY BASIC FIRST AID
UNIT CODE : HHC323203

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to provide an initial response where First Aid is required. In this unit it is assumed that the First Aider is working under supervision and / or according to established workplace First Aid procedures and policies

1. Assess the situation
   • Physical hazards to self and casualty’s health and safety are identified
   • Immediate risks to self and casualty’s occupational health and safety (OSH) are minimized by controlling the hazard in accordance with OSH requirements
   • Casualty’s vital signs and physical condition are assessed in accordance with workplace procedures
2. Apply basic first aid techniques
   • First Aid management is provided in accordance with established First Aid procedures
   • Casualty is reassured in a caring and calm manner and made comfortable using available resources
   • First Aid assistance is sought from others in a timely manner and as appropriate
   • Casualty’s condition is monitored and responded to in accordance with effective First Aid principles and workplace procedures
   • Details of casualty’s physical condition, changes in conditions, management and response are accurately recorded in line with organizational procedures
   • Casualty management is finalized according to his/her needs and First Aid principles
3. Communicate details of the incident
   • Appropriate medical assistance is requested using relevant communication system, equipment and resources
   • Details of casualty’s condition and management activities are accurately conveyed to emergency services/relieving personnel
   • Reports to supervisors are prepared in a timely manner, presenting all relevant facts according to established company procedures

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: OPERATE A PERSONAL COMPUTER
UNIT CODE: ICT311201

This unit defines the competency required to operate a personal computer by: starting the PC, logging in, using and working with files, folders and programs, saving work, and closing down the PC.

1. Start the computer
   • The peripheral devices are properly connected
   • Power is checked and the computer and peripheral devices are switched on
   • Proper logging in and logging off is successfully done
   • The operating system features and functions are accessed and navigated
   • Hardware configuration and other system features are checked
2. Arrange and customize desktop display/ Windows settings
   • The desktop screen or Windows elements are changed as needed
   • Desktop icons are added, renamed, moved, copied or deleted
   • The online help functions are accessed or used as needed
   • Desktop icons of application programs are selected, opened and closed
   • Properties of icons are displayed
   • Computer or desktop settings are saved and restored
3. Work with files and folders (or directories)
   • A file or folder is created, opened, moved, renamed or copied
   • Files are located, deleted and restored
   • Details and properties of files and folders are displayed or viewed
   • Various files are organized for easy lookup and use
   • Files and information are searched
   • Disks are checked, erased or formatted as necessary
4. Work with user application programs
   • Application programs are added, changed, removed or ran
   • User software or application program are installed, updated and upgraded
   • Information/data are moved between documents or files
5. Print information
   • Printer is added or installed and correct printer settings is ensured
   • Default printer is assigned accordingly
   • Information or document is printed on the installed printer
   • Progress of print jobs are viewed and deleted as required
6. Shut down computer
   • All open application programs are closed
   • Computer and peripheral devices are properly shut down

BASIC COMPETENCIES

The BASIC COMPETENCIES refer to non-technical skills (knowledge, skills and attitudes) that everybody will need in order to perform satisfactorily at work and in society and are considered portable and transferable irrespective of jobs and industrial settings.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : UTILIZE SPECIALIZED COMMUNICATION SKILLS
UNIT CODE : 500311401

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to use specialized communication skills to meet specific needs of internal and internal clients, conduct interviews, facilitate group of discussions, and contribute to the development of communication strategies.

1. Meet common and specific communication needs of clients and colleagues
   • Specific communication needs of clients and colleagues are identified and met
   • Different approaches are used to meet communication needs of clients and colleagues
   • Conflict is addressed promptly and in a timely way and in a manner which does not compromise the standing of the organization
2. Contribute to the development of communication strategies
   • Strategies for internal and external dissemination of information are developed, promoted, implemented and reviewed as required
   • Channels of communication are established and reviewed regularly
   • Coaching in effective communication is provided
   • Work related network and relationship are maintained as necessary
   • Negotiation and conflict resolution strategies are used where required
   • Communication with clients and colleagues is appropriate to individual needs and organizational objectives
3. Represent the organization
   • When participating in internal or external forums, presentation is relevant, appropriately researched and presented  in a manner to promote the organization
   • Presentation is clear and sequential and delivered within a predetermined time
   • Utilize appropriate media to enhance presentation
   • Differences in views are respected
   • Written communication is consistent with organizational standards
   • Inquiries are responded in a manner consistent with organizational standard
4. Facilitate group discussion
   • Mechanisms which enhance effective group interaction is defined and implemented
   • Strategies which encourage all group members to participate are used routinely
   • Objectives and agenda for meetings and discussions are routinely set and followed
   • Relevant information is provided to group to facilitate outcomes
   • Evaluation of group communication strategies is undertaken to promote participation of all parties
   • Specific communication needs of individuals are identified and addressed
5. Conduct interview
   • A range of appropriate communication strategies are employed in interview situations
   • Records of interviews are made and maintained in accordance with organizational procedures
   • Effective questioning, listening and nonverbal communication techniques are used to ensure that required message is communicated

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : DEVELOP AND LEAD TEAMS
UNIT CODE : 500311402

This unit covers the skills, knowledge and attitudes required to determine individual and team development needs and facilitate the development of the workgroup.

1. Foster Individual growth
   • Learning and development needs of team members are systematically identified in line with organizational requirements
   • Development plan to meet individual needs is collaboratively developed and implemented
   • Individuals are encouraged to self -evaluate performance and identify areas for improvement
   • Feedback on performance of team members is collected from relevant sources and compared with established team learning process
2. Foster individual and team growth
   • Learning and development program goals and objectives are identified to match the specific knowledge and skills requirements of competency standards
   • Learning delivery methods are appropriate to the learning goals, the learning style of participants and availability of equipment and resources
   • Workplace learning opportunities and coaching/ mentoring assistance are provided to facilitate individual and team achievement of competencies
   • Resources and timelines required for learning activities are identified and approved in accordance with organizational requirements
3. Monitor and evaluate workplace learning
   • Feedback from individuals or teams is used to identify and implement improvements in future learning arrangements
   • Outcomes and performance of individuals/teams are assessed and recorded to determine the effectiveness of development programs and the extent of additional support
   • Modifications to learning plans are negotiated to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of learning
   • Records and reports of competency are maintained within organizational requirement
4. Develop team commitment and cooperation
   • Open communication processes to obtain and share information is used by team
   • Decisions are reached by the team in accordance with its agreed roles and responsibilities
   • Mutual concern and camaraderie are developed in the team
   • Career planning for each member are monitored
5. Facilitate accomplishment of team goals
   • Team members actively participated in team activities and communication processes
   • Teams members developed individual and joint responsibility for their actions
   • Collaborative efforts are sustained to attain organizational goals

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM HIGHER-ORDER THINKING PROCESSES AND APPLY TECHNIQUES IN THE WORKPLACE
UNIT CODE : 500311403

This unit of covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to use fundamental critical thinking skills in the workplace.

1. Evaluate effectiveness and efficiency of the workplace systems, processes and procedures.
   • Effectiveness and efficiency of workplace standards and procedures are examined.
   • Usage of inquiry and dialogue to communicate evaluation measures and results are implemented.
   • Evaluation reports are prepared and communicated to team members.
2. Foster the habit of critical inquiry and curiosity in the workplace.
   • Issues and situations are reflected on and wondered about.
   • Issues and problems in the workplace particularly in the policies, procedures and protocols are discussed and evaluated between and among teams.
   • Evaluation of efficiency and effectiveness of workplace policies, procedures and protocols are documented, communicated and agreed upon between and among teams.
   • Growth mindset and positive relationship and communication is applied in the context of curiosity and critical inquiry in the workplace.
3. Develop practical action plans for improving workplace conditions.
   • Evaluation of efficiency and effectiveness of workplace policies, procedures and protocols are documented, communicated to stakeholders.
   • Practical action plans in improving workplace conditions are formulated, presented and negotiated with stakeholders.
   • Proposed changes and directions are inquired, processed and negotiated between and among teams, and stakeholders as well of the organization.
   • Commitment to continuous improvement and change is highlighted.
   • Passion and dedication for changing and adapting to the demands of the 21st century workplace are considered.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : CONTRIBUTE TO THE PRACTICE OF SOCIAL JUSTICE IN THE WORKPLACE
UNIT CODE : 500311404

This unit covers ways and means to assume active roles in resolving local and global challenges and to become proactive contributors to a more peaceful and sustainable world.

1. Update self on local, national and global trends/issues in the workplace
   • Media are regularly scanned/ monitored for trends and issues relevant to human rights, gender equality, promotion of culture of peace and nonviolence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity.
   • Knowledge and understanding of local, national and global issues and their interconnectedness and interdependency are acquired.
   • Notable issues and trends are critically examined and discussed with peers, colleagues, or family members.
2. Relate local and global trends to workplace context
   • Local events are reflected on for implications in one’s own situation and in the external global environment.
   • Sense of belonging to a common humanity, sharing values and responsibilities are developed.
   • Attitudes of empathy, solidarity and respect for differences and diversity are strengthened.
3. Engage and take actions on workplace issues and concerns
   • Effective and responsible actions at local, national and global levels are identified.
   • Motivation and willingness to take necessary actions are developed.
   • Attitude of “thinking globally and acting locally” is practiced.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : MANAGE INNOVATIVE WORK INSTRUCTIONS
UNIT CODE : 500311405

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to sustain and develop a workplace environment in which improvement, innovation and learning are promoted and reinforced.

1. Review and analyze existing workplace practices
   • Current instructions and strategies to perform tasks in the workplace are reviewed
   • Climate for innovation at the organizational level is defined
   • Innovation drivers in the workplace are identified
2. Examine opportunities for continuous improvement and innovation of practices in the workplace
   • Effectiveness of innovative practices in the workplace is determined
   • Innovative behaviors of leaders or managers in the organization are assessed
   • Driving principles of innovation are discussed
3. Implement innovative ways in the conduct of usual workplace practices
   • Innovative behaviors in the workplace are performed
   • Innovative climate in the workplace is maintained
   • Adoption or modification of new ideas relevant to the organizational needs is achieved

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : MANAGE AND EVALUATE USAGE OF INFORMATION
UNIT CODE : 500311406

This unit of competency covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to support

1. Review information needs and sources
   • The information needs of individuals/teams are determined and the sources are identified.
   • Information held by the organization is reviewed to determine suitability and accessibility.
   • Plans are prepared to obtain information that is not available or accessible within the organization.
2. Collect and analyze information
   • Collection of information is interpreted timely and relevant to the needs of individuals/teams.
   •  Information is collected in formal suitable for analysis, interpretation and dissemination.
   • Information is analyzed to identify relevant trends and developments in terms of the needs for which is acquired.
3. Use management information systems
   • Management information systems are used to store and retrieve data for decision making.
   • Technology available in the work area/organization is used to manage information.
   • Recommendations for improving the information system are submitted to designated persons/ groups.
4. Report and disseminate analyzed information
   • The results of information gathering, analysis and synthesis are reported within specified time frames and to the standard defined by the organization.
   • The results of information gathering, analysis and synthesis are reported so they can be inputs to policy development and organization decision making.
   • Information which is gathered is disseminated to appropriate personnel within the specified timeframe

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : LEAD IN IMPROVEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) PROGRAMS, POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
UNIT CODE : 500311407

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to assess Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) practices and programs, recommend OSH program improvement initiatives, and implement recommended improvements on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Programs, Procedures and Policies

1. Assess Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) practices and programs
   • OSH practices and programs are reviewed based on workplace policies and procedures
   • Appropriate personnel or OSH reference guides are consulted for proper guidance based on workplace policies and procedures
   • Current practices and programs are evaluated based on acceptable level of OSH work standards
2. Recommend OSH program improvement initiatives
   • OSH work improvement initiatives are identified that are relevant with the workplace scenario
   • OSH program improvement plans are organized based on workplace policies and procedures
   • OSH program improvement plans are presented based on workplace policies and procedures
3. Implement recommended improvements on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Programs, Procedures and Policies
   • Approved improvements on OSH work improvement initiatives are communicated based on workplace policies and procedures
   • Concern personnel are guided in accordance with workplace policies and procedures
   • Implementation of the approved OSH initiatives are monitored in accordance with workplace policies and procedures
   • Implementation of approved OSH initiatives are evaluated based on workplace policies and procedures

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : LEAD TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL WORK PROGRAMS, POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
UNIT CODE : 500311408

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required in assessing environmental work practices and standards, recommending environmental work improvement initiatives and implementing recommended environmental improvements

1. Assess environmental work practices and programs
   • Environmental practices and programs are reviewed based on workplace policies
   • Appropriate personnel or environmental reference guides are consulted for proper guidance based on workplace policies*
   • Current practices and programs are evaluated based on acceptable level of environmental work standards*
2. Recommend environmental program improvements initiatives
   • Environment practices opportunities are Identified that are relevant with the workplace scenario
   • Environmental program improvement plans are organized based on workplace policies and procedures*
   • Environmental program improvement plans are presented based on workplace policies and procedures*
3. Implement recommended improvements on environmental programs, policies and procedures
   • Approved improvements on environmental work program initiatives are promoted based on workplace policies and procedures
   • Implementation of the approved environmental initiatives are monitored in accordance with workplace policies and procedures
   • Implementation of approved environmental initiatives are evaluated based on workplace policies and procedures

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : SUSTAIN ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS
UNIT CODE : 500311409

This unit covers the outcomes required to update and continue one’s professional development along entrepreneurship, including applying such growth in skills toward expanding the enterprise and developing its work force.

1. Enhance one’s business skills
   • Entrepreneurial skills development needs are identified and responded to promptly.
   • Market trends are monitored, anticipated and taken advantage of where feasible.
   • New technologies, products and processes are included/utilized where advantageous to the enterprise.
   • Constant dialog/linkages with other entrepreneurs/peers and stakeholders are maintained
   • Circulation and participation in business for a, meetings, conventions and exhibits are maintained.
2. Manage entrepreneurial practices
   • Ideas and comments for improvements are sought from workers and clients.
   • Staff/workers are encouraged and supported in their skills development and enhancement.
   • A culture of continuous improvement is fostered within the enterprise.
   • Innovations on the existing lines of products and services are encouraged
3. Expand markets and clientele
   • Enterprise is built up and sustained through judicious control of cash flows.
   • Profitability of enterprise is ensured though appropriate internal controls.
   • Unnecessary or lower priority expenses and purchases are avoided.
   • New markets and clients are identified based on current market trends

DEFINITION OF TERMS

• ABUTMENT – Tooth or teeth that support a fixed or removable bridge
• ANTERIOR TEETH – the six upper or six lower front teeth (canines, laterals & central incisors)
• APEX – the tip of the root of a tooth
• ARCH – describes the alignment of the upper or lower teeth
• ARTICULATE – to unite by forming a joint or joints
• ARTICULATOR – a mechanical device representing the temporomandibular joints and jaw members to which casts of the mouth
• BASE – cement placed under a dental restoration to insulate the pulp (nerve chamber)
• BITE – relationship of the upper and lower teeth on closure (occlusion)
• BONDING – adhesive dental restoration technique; a tooth-colored composite resin to repair and/or change the color or shape of a tooth
• BRACES – devices used by orthodontists to gradually reposition teeth to a more favorable alignment
• BRIDGE – stationary dental prosthesis (appliance) fixed to teeth adjacent to a space; replaces one or more missing teeth, cemented or bonded to supporting teeth or implants adjacent to the space
• CANTILEVER BRIDGE – fixed bridge that attaches to adjacent teeth only on one end
• CAP – common term for dental crown
• CLASP – device that retains a removable partial denture to stationary teeth; can be metal or acrylic (matches teeth and gums)
• CROSS BITE – reverse biting relationship of upper and lower teeth; aka “under bite,” as in Class III malocclusuion (prognathic jaw)
• CROWN
  (1) the portion of a tooth above the gum line;
  (2) dental restoration covering all or most of the natural tooth
• CUSTOM IMPRESION TRAY – an impression tray made from a preliminary impression used to make the final impression
•  DENTAL WAXES – wax compounds used in dentistry are mixtures of individual waxes of materials or synthetic origin. As with all other dental materials, each component n the mixture is selected to given specific properties best suited for the procedure being performed
• DENTURE – removable (partial or complete) set of artificial teeth
• DIASTEMA – open space between teeth
• DISTAL – farthest from any point of reference
• DUPLICATE – identically copied from an original
• FABRICATE – to make; create; to construct by combining or assembling
• FACE-BOW FORK – a device used to attach the face-bow to an occlusion rim for a face-bow transfer
• FACING – tooth colored overlay on the visible portion of a crown; may be acrylic, composite or porcelain
• FILLING – restoration of lost tooth structure with metal, porcelain or resin materials
• FULL DENTURE – removable dental prosthesis (appliance) replacing all upper or lower teeth
• FULL MOUTH RECONSTRUCTION – extensive restorations of natural teeth with crowns and or fixed bridges to manage restorative and bite problems.
• GYPSUM – is the common name for calcium sulfate dehydrate. Gypsum products are more frequently used on laboratory procedures than any other single group of compounds. Controlled variations in the manufacturing of gypsum products yield a group of dental materials including plaster, artificial stone (hydrosol), disc stone, casting investment and soldering investment
• IMPRESSION – mold made of the teeth and soft tissues
• INLAY –
  indirect – filling made by a dental laboratory that is cemented or bonded into place,
  direct – placement of dental composite resin, or porcelain restoration at chairside
• INTEROCCLUSAL – space between upper and lower teeth
• JACKET – crown for a front tooth, usually made of porcelain
• LAMINATE – thin plastic or porcelain veneer produced in a dental laboratory and then bonded to a tooth
• MALOCCLUSION – “bad bite” or misalignment of the upper and lower teeth
• MARGIN – interface between a restoration and tooth structure
• MARYLAND BRIDGE – a bridge that is bonded to the back of the adjacent teeth; requires minimum tooth reduction
• MODEL – a material used extensively for making impressions. It contains shellac, talc, glycerin, wax, tallow and palm oil
• OVERBITE – vertical overlap of the front teeth; deep bite
• PARTIAL DENTURE – removable dental prosthesis (appliance) replacing one or more natural teeth
• PONTIC – replacement tooth mounted on a fixed or removal appliance
• PORCELAIN CROWN – all porcelain restoration covering the coronal portion of tooth (above the gum line)
• PORCELAIN FUSED TO METAL (PFM) CROWN – restoration with metal coping (for strength) covered by porcelain (for appearance)
• PORCELAIN INLAY OR ONLAY – tooth-colored restoration made of porcelain, cemented or bonded in place
• PORCELAIN VENEERS – a thin layer of porcelain, fabricated by a laboratory) bonded to a natural tooth to replace lost tooth structure, close spaces, straighten teeth or change color and/or shape
• PROSTHESIS an artificial appliance for the replacement for a body part, tooth or teeth
• SOLDERING INVESTMENT – a soldering investment is similar in composition to a casting investment that has a
• SPLINT – connection of two or more teeth so they function as a stronger single structure