DRIVING (Articulated Vehicle) NC III – TESDA COURSE MODULE

TESDA TRAINING REGULATIONS FOR DRIVING (Articulated Vehicle) NC III

The TESDA Course for DRIVING (Articulated Vehicle) NC III consists of competencies that a person must achieve to drive/operate upon highways motor road vehicles classified under LTO Restriction codes 6 up to 8; transport heavy goods, liquids and materials over specified long or short distances; comply with local traffic rules/regulations and ordinances and perform minor repairs on the assigned vehicle.

This Qualification is packaged from the competency map of the Automotive/Land Transport sector

A student who has achieved this Course in DRIVING (Articulated Vehicle) NC III is competent to be:

• Articulated Vehicle Driver
• Truck Trailer Driver

DRIVING (Articulated Vehicle) NC III – TRAINING AND REGULATION MODULE

Course Title: DRIVING (Articulated Vehicle)
Level: NC III
Nominal Training Duration : 108 Hours

This course is designed to enhance the knowledge, skills and attitudes of an individual in the field of driving articulated vehicles classified under LTO restriction codes 6 up to 8 in accordance with industry standards. It covers core competencies such as: perform minor maintenance and servicing; perform pre-and post operation procedures for such vehicles; drive these vehicles; obey and observe traffic rules and implement and coordinate accident and emergency situations.

This course is also designed to equip the individual the desirable basic and common attitudes and skills of the Driving (Articulated Vehicle) NC III.

TRAINEE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

This section specifies the qualifications of trainees and educational experience. Other requirements like health and physical requirements are also stated. Passing entry written examinations may also be indicated if necessary.

• With good moral character;
• Able to communicate both orally and in writing
• Physically fit and mentally healthy as certified by a Public Health Officer
• Holder of LTO license with restriction code 3.

COMPETENCIES REQUIRED IN DRIVING (Articulated Vehicle) NC III

This units of competency comprising this qualification include Basic, Common, Elective and Core Competencies.

To obtain this TESDA Course in DRIVING (Articulated Vehicle) NC III, all units prescribed below for this qualification must be achieved.

These units of competency comprising this qualification include the following:

UNIT CODE	CORE COMPETENCIES (68 hours)
ALT723349	Perform Minor Maintenance and Servicing on Vehicles Classified under LTO Restriction Codes 6 up to 8
ALT832305	Perform Pre-and Post Operation Procedures Vehicles Classified under LTO Restriction Codes 6 up to 8
ALT832303	Obey and Observe Traffic Rules and Regulations
ALT832309	Observe Road Health and Safety Practices
ALT832304	Implement and Coordinate Accident-Emergency Procedures
ALT832308	Drive Articulated Vehicle
UNIT CODE	COMMON COMPETENCIES (20 hours)
ALT723349	Perform Minor Maintenance and Servicing on Vehicles Classified under LTO Restriction Codes 6 up to 8
ALT832305	Perform Pre-and Post Operation Procedures Vehicles Classified under LTO Restriction Codes 6 up to 8
ALT832303	Obey and Observe Traffic Rules and Regulations
ALT832309	Observe Road Health and Safety Practices
ALT832304	Implement and Coordinate Accident-Emergency Procedures
ALT832308	Drive Articulated Vehicle
UNIT CODE	BASIC COMPETENCIES (20 hours)
500311109	Lead Workplace Communication
500311110	Lead Small Teams
500311111	Develop and Practice Negotiation skills
500311112	Solve Problems Related to Work Activities
500311113	Use Mathematical Concepts and Techniques
500311114	Use Relevant Technologies

CORE COMPETENCIES

This section gives the details of the contents of the core units of competency required in DRIVING (Articulated Vehicle) NC III

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM MINOR MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING ON VEHICLES CLASSIFIED UNDER LTO RESTRICTION CODES 6 UP TO 8
CODE NO. : ALT723349

This unit involves the skills, knowledge and attitudes required to carry out basic servicing and maintenance on vehicles classified under LTO Restriction codes 6-8. It also includes the action to implement the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications for routine cleaning checks and maintenance and ensure that the vehicle is operational to the requirements of both the workplace and the relevant road and traffic authority.

1. Clean vehicle unit
   • Vehicle is cleaned as per prescribed procedures using appropriate cleaning supplies, tools/ equipment and according to occupational health and safety (OHS) rules.
   • Wastes are disposed of as per relevant ordinance, rules or law.
2. Maintain and service the vehicle system
   • Minor routine checks are undertaken based on manufacturer’s manual.
   • Minor routine repair and servicing are undertaken in accordance with occupational health and safety procedures and manufacturer’s manual.
   • Brakes are inspected and appropriate action is undertaken in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.
   • Complex repair and service requirements are identified and referred following workplace procedures.
   • Records of routine servicing, maintenance and repairs are kept and updated in accordance with workplace procedures

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM PRE- AND POST OPERATION PROCEDURES ON VEHICLES CLASSIFIED UNDER LTO RESTRICTION CODES 6 UP TO 8
UNIT CODE : ALT832305

This unit describes the outcomes required in performing procedures before operating vehicles classified under LTO restriction codes 6 up to 8.

1. Perform visual check vehicle
   • Vehicle serviceable parts are checked in accordance with vehicle checklist and manufacturer’s procedures.
   • Walk-around check is performed with vehicle checklist and with engine stopped/not running.
   • Electrical terminal is checked in accordance with manufacturer’s procedures.
2. Perform “BLOWAF” check
   • “BLOWAF” check is performed in accordance with standard operating procedures.
   • Deficiencies or findings in BLOWAF check are identified and appropriate corrective measures are undertaken in accordance with manufacturer’s specification.
   • Abnormal conditions are noted in checklist and reported to authorized person.
3. Perform operation check
   • Starting/running check is performed in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.
   • Operating condition of instruments, gauges, indicators and controls are performed in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendation.
   • Operating condition of air brake and steering controls are checked in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendation.
   • Walk-around check, with engine running, is performed in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendation.
   • Safety devices and accessories are checked for proper functions in accordance with safe operating procedures.
4. Perform post-operation procedures
   • Vehicle is parked and engine turned off after productive operation in accordance with company rules and regulations.
   • Vehicle controls are set into neutral position and parking brakes are engaged according to manufacturer’s operations manual.
   • Safety locks and brakes are all set/engaged in accordance with operator’s manual.
   • Walk-around inspection check is re-conducted while doing engine cool down
   • Daily vehicle time record/report/inspection is accomplished/submitted according to company rules and regulations

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : OBEY AND OBSERVE TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS
UNIT CODE : ALT832303

This unit involves the skills, knowledge and attitudes required in following traffic rules and regulations while driving articulated vehicle.

1. Observe traffic signs and road markers
   • Traffic signs and road markers are identified and followed in accordance with concerned traffic authorities.
2. Obey traffic rules and regulations
   • Traffic rules and regulations are identified and followed in accordance with concerned traffic authorities.
   • License and registrations are maintained as prescribed by law.
   • Driver outfit/attire is worn as prescribed by law.
3. Practice courtesy
   • Positive work values are demonstrated as per code of ethics of drivers
   • Complaints are responded and handled with respect based on driver’s code of ethics
4. Respect traffic enforcers and other traffic management personnel
   • Traffic authority instructions are complied with as prescribed by law.
   • Traffic violation tickets/receipts issued by Traffic enforcers are accepted and appropriate action is taken.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : OBSERVE ROAD HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES
UNIT CODE : ALT832308

This unit covers the outcomes required to comply with regulatory and organizational requirements for occupational health and safety while driving.

1. Identify and evaluate hazards and risks
   • Safety regulations and workplace safety and hazard control practices and procedures are clarified and explained based on organization procedures
   • Effects of driving environment hazards/risks and their corresponding indicators are identified to minimize or eliminate risk to passengers, co-workers, workplace and environment in accordance with organization procedures
   • Contingency measures during emergencies are recognized and established in accordance with organization procedures
   • OHS issues and/or concerns and identified safety hazards are reported to designated personnel in accordance with workplace requirements and relevant workplace OHS legislation
2. Control hazards and risks
   • Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) procedures for controlling hazards/risks in workplace are consistently followed
   • Procedures for dealing with accidents, fire and emergencies are followed in accordance with organization OHS policies
   • Space management and defensive driving techniques are practiced to avoid accidents.
   • Appropriate assistance is provided in the event of an emergency in accordance with established protocol
3. Maintain fitness for driving
   • Standards of health, fitness and well-being for driving on the road are maintained and adhered to at all times
   • LTO/LTFRB and company policies related to smoking, alcohol and prohibited drug use are complied with
   • Fatigue management strategies are applied to ensure concentration and alertness while driving

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : IMPLEMENT AND COORDINATE ACCIDENT EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
UNIT CODE : ALT832304

This unit involves the skills, knowledge and attitudes required in responding to emergency incidents, follow-up support and assistance and communicate to concerned individual during emergency.

1. Respond to emergencies
   • Emergency and potential emergency situations are identified and assessed based on emergency procedure.
   • Actions are prioritized and provided based on the criticality of the emergency situation.
   • Incident reports are prepared in accordance with regulatory and workplace procedures
   • Responsibilities are fulfilled in accordance with emergency procedures and/or regulatory requirements
2. Arrange follow-up support and assistance
   • Medical assistance and support is arranged in accordance with workplace procedures
   • First aid is applied in accordance with medical procedure
   • Passenger needs are identified and provided based on emergency situation.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : DRIVE ARTICULATED VEHICLE
UNIT CODE : ALT832308

This unit involves the skills, knowledge and attitudes required to drive an articulated vehicle safely including handling of cargoes, systematic and efficient control of vehicle functions, monitoring of traffic and road conditions, management of vehicle condition and effective handling management of hazardous materials and situations.

1. Perform articulated vehicle pre-starting and warm-up
   • Articulated vehicle inspection is performed as per manufacturer’s specification
   • Safety harness/devices and tools are checked according to LTO/LTFRB requirements
   • Warm up of articulated vehicle is performed as per manufacturer’s manual
2. Drive articulated vehicle
   • Articulated vehicle is driven in accordance with traffic rules and regulations and manufacturer’s instruction
   • Driving hazards are identified and/or anticipated and avoided or controlled through defensive driving as per standard operating procedures.
   • The Articulated vehicle is parked, shut down and secured in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications, traffic regulations and workplace procedures
   • Cargoes / loads are secured and transported up to the route assigned per LTFRB regulations
   • Driving is performed according to the restriction and condition stated in the official receipt license and within the occupational health and safety standards (OHS).
   • Trip ticket / way bill is secured during the trip as per company procedure
   • Accidents and emergencies encountered are reported as per company procedure
3. Monitor and maintain vehicle performance
   • Defective or irregular performance or malfunctions are monitored and reported to the appropriate person/authority.
   • Minor vehicle maintenance is performed in accordance with manufacturer’s instruction
   • Vehicle records are maintained/updated in accordance with workplace procedures

COMMON COMPETENCIES

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM MENSURATION AND CALCULATION
UNIT CODE : ALT311202

This unit includes identifying caring, handling and use of measuring instruments.

1. Select measuring instruments
   • Object or component to be measured is identified
   • Correct specifications are obtained from relevant source
   • Appropriate measuring instrument is selected according to job requirements
2. Carry out measurements and calculation
   • Measuring tools are selected in line with job requirements
   • Accurate measurements are obtained to job
   • Calculation needed to complete work tasks are performed using the four basic process of addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (x) and division (/).
   • Calculations involving fractions, percentages and mixed numbers are used to complete workplace tasks.
   • Numerical computation is self-checked and corrected for accuracy
   • Instruments are read to the limit of accuracy of the tool.
3. Maintain measuring instruments
   • Measuring instruments must kept free from corrosion
   • Measuring instruments not dropped to avoid damage
   • Measuring instruments cleaned before and after using.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : READ, INTERPRET AND APPLY SPECIFICATION AND MANUALS.
UNIT CODE : ALT723203

This unit deals with identifying, interpreting and applying service specification manuals, maintenance procedure manuals and periodic maintenance manual.

1. Identify and access manual/ specification
   • Appropriate manuals are identified and accessed as per job requirements.
   • Version and date of manual is checked to ensure correct specification and procedure are identified.
2. Interpret manuals
   • Relevant sections, chapters of manuals/specifications are located in relations to the work to be conducted
   • Information and procedure in the manual are interpreted in accordance to industry practices
3. Apply information in manual
   • Manual is interpreted according to job requirements
   • Work steps are correctly identified in accordance with manufacturer specification
   • Manual data is applied according to the given task
   • All correct sequencing and adjustments are interpreted in accordance with information contained on the manual or specifications
4. Store manuals
   • Manual or specification are stored appropriately to ensure prevention of damage, ready access and updating of information when required in accordance with company requirements

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : MOVE AND POSITION VEHICLE
UNIT CODE : ALT723202

This competency unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude needed to move and position vehicle in a workshop.

1. Prepare vehicle for driving
   • Correct check-up procedures performed based on vehicle manufacturer standard
2. Move and position vehicle
   • Select vehicle to be moved or re-position.
   • Drive the vehicle to appropriate location
   • Park vehicle following parking safety techniques and procedure
3. Check the vehicle
   • Vehicle position is checked as per required
   • Vehicle is checked for external damages

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : APPLY APPROPRIATE SEALANT/ADHESIVE
UNIT CODE : ALT723201

This competency unit covers the selection and application of sealant/adhesives.

1. Identify appropriate sealant / adhesive
   • Sealant/adhesive is selected in line with job requirements and manufacturer’s specification
   • Sealant/adhesive checking is performed to ensure that product is fit for use.
2. Prepare surface for sealant / adhesive application
   • Surface materials are identified as per construction
   • Surface is cleaned and free of moisture, dust and other foreign matters to ensure maximum adhesion or seal.
3. Apply Sealant / adhesive evenly
   • Sealant/adhesive is applied evenly on the surface in line with manufacturer’s specification
   • Excess sealant/adhesive is removed by sanding or scrapping
   • Tools and equipment used to apply sealant/adhesive are appropriate to job requirements
   • Safety are observed and PPE are worn in accordance with industry SOP
   • Hazards associated with the use of sealant and adhesives are identified.
4. Store / Dispose of sealant / adhesive
   • Sealant/adhesive are stored as per prescribed procedure
   • Waste are disposed as per workshop SOP

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : USE AND APPLY LUBRICANTS/COOLANT
UNIT CODE : ALT723204

This unit identifies the competencies required to select and apply different types of lubricants.

1. Identify types of lubricants/ coolant
   • Correct information on lubrication schedule is accessed and interpreted from appropriate manufacturers specifications manuals
   • Type and quantity of lubricants/coolant is identified as per job requirements
2. Use and apply lubricants/coolant
   • Correct procedure for change of lubricant is identified following manufacturer’s specification or manual
   • Correct tools and equipment are selected and used in line with job requirements
   • Existing lubricants is removed and replaced with specified types and quantity of new materials in line with manufacturer’s specification
   • Safe procedure and use of PPE is observed when removing or replacing lubricant
   • Used lubricants are disposed in accordance with environmental guidelines
   • Work is checked in line with company SOP.
3. Perform housekeeping activities
   • Tools, equipment and materials are properly stored as per company SOP
   • Workplace is free from waste materials

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM SHOP MAINTENANCE
UNIT CODE : ALT723307

This unit deals with inspecting and cleaning of work area including tools, equipment and facilities. Storage and checking of tools/equipment and disposal of used materials are also incorporated in this competency

1. Inspect/clean tools and work area
   • Cleaning solvent used as per workshop/tools cleaning requirement
   • Work area is checked and cleaned
   • Wet surface/spot in work area is wiped and dried
2. Store/arrange tools and shop equipment
   • Tools/equipment are checked and stored in their respective shelves/location
   • Corresponding labels are posted and visible
   • Tools are safely secured and logged in the records
3. Dispose wastes/used lubricants
   • Containers for used lubricants are visibly labeled
   • Wastes/used lubricants are disposed as per workshop SOP
4. Report damaged tools/equipment
   • Complete inventory of tools/equipment is maintained
   • Damaged tools/equipment/facilities are identified and repair recommendation is given
   • Reports prepared has no error/discrepancy

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : INTERPRET/DRAW TECHNICAL DRAWING
UNIT CODE : ALT311205

This unit identifies the competencies required to draw/interpret basic trade drawing

1. Interpret technical drawing
   • Components, assemblies or objects recognized as required
   • Dimensions identified as appropriate to the field of employment
   • Instructions identified and followed as required
   • Material and other consumable requirements identified as required
   • Symbols recognized as appropriate in drawing
2. Select correct technical drawing
   • Drawing checked and validated against job requirements or equipment
   • Drawing version checked and validated according to the Manual
3. Apply freehand sketching
   • Correct freehand sketching is produced using the necessary tools and materials

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PREPARE JOB ESTIMATE/COSTING
UNIT CODE : ALT311204

This competency unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude in estimating/costing automotive repair.

1. Identify nature/scope of work
   • Effective communication skills are applied to determine the nature and scope of work to be undertaken
   • Extent of service to be rendered in determined and documented in line with standard operating procedures (SOP)
2. Prepare and present estimate
   • Type and quantity of supplies, materials and labor required to perform work are identified in line with job  requirements
   • Cost of supplies, materials are obtained from suppliers
   • Total cost of required services is calculated in line with SOP
   • Estimate is presented to customer in line with SOP.

BASIC COMPETENCIES

The BASIC COMPETENCIES refer to non-technical skills (knowledge, skills and attitudes) that everybody will need in order to perform satisfactorily at work and in society and are considered portable and transferable irrespective of jobs and industrial settings.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : LEAD WORKPLACE COMMUNICATION
UNIT CODE : 500311109

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to lead in the dissemination and discussion of ideas, information and issues in the workplace.

1. Communicate information about workplace processes
   • Appropriate communication method is selected
   • Multiple operations involving several topics areas are communicated accordingly
   • Questions are used to gain extra information
   • Correct sources of information are identified
   • Information is selected and organized correctly
   • Verbal and written reporting is undertaken when required
   • Communication skills are maintained in all situations
2. Lead workplace discussions
   • Response to workplace issues are sought
   • Response to workplace issues are provided immediately
   • Constructive contributions are made to workplace discussions on such issues as production, quality and safety
   • Goals/objectives and action plan undertaken in the workplace are communicated
3. Identify and communicate issues arising in the workplace
   • Issues and problems are identified as they arise
   • Information regarding problems and issues are organized coherently to ensure clear and effective communication
   • Dialogue is initiated with appropriate personnel
   • Communication problems and issues are raised as they arise

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : LEAD SMALL TEAMS
UNIT CODE : 500311110

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes to lead small teams including setting and maintaining team and individual performance standards.

1. Provide team leadership
   • Work requirements are identified and presented to team members
   • Reasons for instructions and requirements are communicated to team members
   • Team members’ queries and concerns are recognized, discussed and dealt with
2. Assign responsibilities
   • Duties, and responsibilities are allocated having regard to the skills, knowledge and aptitude required to properly undertake the assigned task and according to company policy
   • Duties are allocated having regard to individual preference, domestic and personal considerations, whenever possible
3. Set performance expectations for team members
   • Performance expectations are established based on client needs and according to assignment requirements
   • Performance expectations are based on individual team members duties and area of responsibility
   • Performance expectations are discussed and disseminated to individual team members
4. Supervised team performance
   • Monitoring of performance takes place against defined performance criteria and/or assignment instructions and corrective action taken if required
   • Team members are provided with feedback, positive support and advice on strategies to overcome any deficiencies
   • Performance issues which cannot be rectified or addressed within the team are referenced to appropriate personnel according to employer policy
   • Team members are kept informed of any changes in the priority allocated to assignments or tasks which might impact on client/customer needs and satisfaction
   • Team operations are monitored to ensure that employer/client needs and requirements are met
   • Follow-up communication is provided on all issues affecting the team
   • All relevant documentation is completed in accordance with company procedures

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : DEVELOP AND PRACTICE NEGOTIATION SKILLS
UNIT CODE : 500311111

This unit covers the skills, knowledge and attitudes required to collect information in order to negotiate to a desired outcome and participate in the negotiation.

1. Plan negotiations
   • Information on preparing for negotiation is identified and included in the plan
   • Information on creating non verbal environments for positive negotiating is identified and included in the plan
   • Information on active listening is identified and included in the plan
   • Information on different questioning techniques is identified and included in the plan
   • Information is checked to ensure it is correct and up-to- date
2. Participate in negotiations
   • Criteria for successful outcome are agreed upon by all parties
   • Desired outcome of all parties are considered
   • Appropriate language is used throughout the negotiation
   • A variety of questioning techniques are used
   • The issues and processes are documented and agreed upon by all parties
   • Possible solutions are discussed and their viability assessed
   • Areas for agreement are confirmed and recorded
   • Follow-up action is agreed upon by all parties

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : SOLVE PROBLEMS RELATED TO WORK ACTIVITIES
UNIT CODE : 500311112

This unit of covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to solve problems in the workplace including the application of problem solving techniques and to determine and resolve the root cause of problems.

1. Identify the problem
   • Variances are identified from normal operating parameters; and product quality
   • Extent, cause and nature are of the problem are defined through observation, investigation and analytical techniques
   • Problems are clearly stated and specified
2. Determine fundamental causes of the problem
   • Possible causes are identified based on experience and the use of problem solving tools / analytical techniques.
   • Possible cause statements are developed based on findings
   • Fundamental causes are identified per results of investigation conducted
3. Determine corrective action
   • All possible options are considered for resolution of the problem
   • Strengths and weaknesses of possible options are considered
   • Corrective actions are determined to resolve the problem and possible future causes
   • Action plans are developed identifying measurable objectives, resource needs and timelines in accordance with safety and operating procedures
4. Provide recommendation/s to manager
   • Report on recommendations are prepared
   • Recommendations are presented to appropriate personnel.
   • Recommendations are followed-up, if required

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : USE MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES
UNIT CODE : 500311113

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required in the application of mathematical concepts and techniques.

1. Identify mathematical tools and techniques to solve problem
   • Problem areas are identified based on given condition
   • Mathematical techniques are selected based on the given problem
2. Apply mathematical procedure/solution
   • Mathematical techniques are applied based on the problem identified
   • Mathematical computations are performed to the level of accuracy required for the problem
   • Results of mathematical computation is determined and verified based on job requirements
3. Analyze results
   • Result of application is reviewed based on expected and required specifications and outcome
   • Appropriate action is applied in case of error

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : USE RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES
UNIT CODE : 500311114

This unit of competency covers the knowledge, skills, and attitude required in selecting, sourcing and applying appropriate and affordable technologies in the workplace.

1. Study/select appropriate technology
   • Usage of different technologies is determined based on job requirements
   • Appropriate technology is selected as per work specification
2. Apply relevant technology
   • Relevant technology is effectively used in carrying out function
   • Applicable software and hardware are used as per task requirement
   • Management concepts are observed and practiced as per established industry practices
3. Maintain/enhance relevant technology
   • Maintenance of technology is applied in accordance with the industry standard operating procedure, manufacturer’s operating guidelines and occupational health and safety procedure to ensure its operative ability
   • Updating of technology is maintained through continuing education or training in accordance with job requirement
   • Technology failure/ defect is immediately reported to the concern/responsible person or section for appropriate action

DEFINITION OF TERMS

• Absolute speed limit – The maximum or minimum legal speed at which one may drive. This speed limit may or may not be posted.
• Accident, motor vehicle – Any mishap involving a moving vehicle and resulting in death, injury or property damage.
• Articulated vehicle – Any motor vehicle with a trailer having no front axle and so attached that part of the trailer rests upon the motor vehicle and a substantial part of the weight of the trailer and of its load is borne by the motor vehicle.
• Basic speed limit – Any speed below the absolute limit that is safe for existing road, weather or traffic conditions.
• Collision – Any crash between motor vehicles or between a motor vehicle and another object.
• Driving license – A legal document in the form of plastic identification card and official receipt issued by LTO authorizing a person to drive and operate a specified type of motor vehicle after satisfactorily completing and passing the standard requirement as categorized either non-professional or professional proficiency level.
• Defensive driving – Being prepared to handle through any hazardous situation caused by other users of the road.
• Directional signals – Lights on motor vehicle or hand signals used to indicate left and right turns and stops.
• Driver – Person with appropriate license to drive or operate motor vehicle and transport passengers and loads over specified routes or destination.
• Professional driver – A person with appropriate driving license restriction code who is hired or paid for driving or operating a motor vehicle, whether for private use or for hire to the public.
• Fare – Refers to the price charged to transport a passenger
• Franchised route – Refers to the designated travel route assigned by LTFRB (DOTC) to a specific public passenger motor vehicle indicating the particular main streets, roads and avenues to ply including its limitations and boundaries.
• Gross weight – The measured weight of a motor vehicle plus the maximum allowable carrying capacity in merchandise, freight and/or passengers, as determined by the Commission of Land Transportation
• Highways – Every public thoroughfare, public boulevard, driveway, avenue, park, alley and callejon, but does not include roadway upon grounds owned by private persons, colleges, universities, or other similar institutions.
• Motor vehicle – Any vehicle propelled by any power other than muscular power using the public highways, but excepting road rollers, trolley cars, street sweepers, sprinklers, lawn mowers, bulldozers, graders, fork lifts, amphibian trucks and cranes if not used on public highways and vehicles run only on rails or tracks and tractors, trailers and traction engines of all kinds used exclusively for agricultural purposes.
• Passenger bus – A public utility vehicle driven on highways that carry/transport passengers (usually from 30 above) and its cargoes.
• Periodic Maintenance Service – The regular servicing prescribed by manufacturer to maintain the vehicle’s top performance.
• Regulatory signs – Traffic signs that tell what a driver must or must not do under penalty of the law.
• Restriction Codes 1 and 2 – Driving license restriction set by LTO for driving/operating of the following classification of motor vehicles:
• Restriction Codes 1 and 2 – Motorcycle, motorized tricycles and vehicles up to 4,500 kgs. GVW
• Restriction Code 3 – Vehicles above 4,500 kgs GVW
• Restriction Code 4 – Vehicles Automatic Clutch up to 4,500 kgs GVW
• Restriction Code 5 – Vehicles Automatic Clutch above to 4,500 kgs GVW
• Restriction Code 6 – Articulated Vehicle 1,600kgs GVW and below
• Restriction Code 7 – Articulated Vehicle 1,601 up to 4,500 kgs GVW
• Restriction Code 8 – Articulated vehicle with 4,501 kilograms and above gross vehicle weight
• Road Related Accident and Emergency – Refers to unforeseen and unanticipated road happenings usually resulted from by driver’s negligence/error, abnormal road condition and motor vehicle mechanical safety breakdown resulting to grave vehicular accident, passenger body injury and damage to property.
• Roadway markings – Markings on a pavement separating lanes of travel or indicating what a driver may do.
• Seat belt – A belt anchored to the vehicle frame. It prevents the passengers from being thrown against parts of the interior of the vehicle or from the vehicle in the event of a collision.
• Straight Truck – Any vehicle equipped with 6 up to 12 wheels with no pivotal pin.
• Traffic – The flow of all motor vehicles and pedestrians along the street and the highway
• Traffic signal lights – Traffic controls which usually located at intersections to regulate traffic flow
• Warning signs – Traffic signs that alert drivers to potential hazards ahead