LIFEGUARD SERVICES NC III – TESDA COURSE MODULE

TESDA TRAINING REGULATIONS FOR LIFEGUARD SERVICES NC III COURSE

The TESDA Course in LIFEGUARD SERVICES NC III consists of competencies that a Lifesaver/Lifeguard/Rescuer must achieve to prevent aquatic accidents and respond to emergency situations. It covers advance skills and techniques in water safety, lifesaving and rescue at open water environments such as in leisure pools, rivers, lakes, beaches and surf environment.

A student who has achieved this Qualification is competent to be:

• LEISURE POOL LIFEGUARD (Recreational Pool and Water Parks)
• BEACH LIFEGUARD (Beach Resorts)
• INLAND OPEN WATER LIFEGUARD (River and Lake Resorts)
• SURF LIFEGUARD (Surf Resorts)

TRAINEE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

Trainees or students wishing to enroll in LIFEGUARD SERVICES NC III course should possess the following requirements:

• Able to communicate, both orally and in writing
• Must be able to swim
• Physically able and mentally fit as certified by a Public Health Officer
• Holder of Lifeguard Services NC II

LIFEGUARD SERVICES NC III – TRAINING AND REGULATION MODULE

Course Title: LIFEGUARD SERVICES
Level: NC III
Nominal Training Duration :

(Basic Competency) 20 Hours
(Common Competency) 240 Hours
(Core Competency) 1520 Hours

Total Duration: 1780 Hours

This course is designed to enhance the knowledge, desirable attitudes and skills of a Leisure Pool Lifeguard, Beach Lifeguard, Inland Open Water Lifeguard or a Surf Lifeguard in accordance with industry standards. It covers competencies to achieve aquatic accident prevention, recognition, rescue and recovery to a state of preparedness

COMPETENCIES REQUIRED IN LIFEGUARD SERVICES NC III

This units of competency comprising this qualification include Basic, Common, and Core Competencies.

To obtain this TESDA course in LIFEGUARD SERVICES NC III, all units prescribed for this qualification must be achieved.

These units of competency comprising this qualification include the following:

UNIT CODE	CORE COMPETENCIES (1520 Hours)
SOC541307	Demonstrate level of fitness appropriate for open water environment (leisure pools, beach, river and surf)
SOC541308	Provide Lifeguard Supervision in Outdoor and Indoor Leisure Facilities
SOC541309	Perform Emergency Response Techniques
SOC541310	Perform Defibrillation and Oxygen Therapy
SOC541311	Communicate using Radio Transceiver
SOC541312	Establish Public Safety Consciousness and Measures in Aquatic related Events
UNIT CODE	COMMON COMPETENCIES (240 Hours)
SOC541203	Demonstrate water safety
SOC541204	Perform resuscitation (CPR + ILCOR + After Care)
SOC541205	Provide emergency care (First Aid)
SOC541206	Perform lifeguarding hand and whistle signals
UNIT CODE	BASIC COMPETENCIES (20 Hours)
500311109	Lead Workplace Communication
500311110	Lead Small Teams
500311111	Develop and Practice Negotiation skills
500311112	Solve Problems Related to Work Activities
500311113	Use Mathematical Concepts and Techniques
500311114	Use Relevant Technologies

This section gives the details and contents of the units of competency required in LIFEGUARD SERVICES NC III. These units of competency are categorized into basic, common and core competencies.

CORE COMPETENCIES

This section gives the details of the contents of the core units of competency required in LIFEGUARD SERVICES NC III.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : DEMONSTRATE LEVEL OF FITNESS APPROPRIATE FOR OPEN WATER ENVIRONMENT
UNIT CODE : SOC541307
UNIT DESCRIPTOR : This unit covers the knowledge, skills and technique in performing either long distance swim, run or combined and underwater swim to recover a victim at 5 meters minimum depth.

1. Demonstrate 800- meters distance swim using prescribed strokes in 16 minutes
   • Proper warm-up and cooling down procedures are demonstrated before and after the actual swim.
   • 800-meter distance swimming is demonstrated in 16 minutes using prescribed strokes at swimming pool environment
   • Safe water exit procedures is demonstrated in accordance with International Life Saving (ILS) as prescribed in Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving for Swim and Survive Program
2. Demonstrate 200-metersrun; 200 meters swim and 200-meters run in 6minutes
   • 200-meter run; 200-meter swim; and 200-meter run performed in 6 minutes each using freestyle and breast stroke according to prescribed open water environment
   • Cool down and recovery procedures are performed upon reaching the established finish line.
3. Demonstrate surface dive and underwater swim
   • Surface dive and underwater swim are performed at a distance of 25 meters.
   • Safe water exit procedures is demonstrated in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
4. Demonstrate underwater recovery
   • Surface dive and recovery of 3 objects placed 5 meters apart with 1 object placed at the deepest part of the pool depth are performed.
   • Safe water exit procedures is demonstrated in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PROVIDE LIFEGUARD SUPERVISION IN OUTDOOR AND INDOOR LEISURE FACILITIES
UNIT CODE : SOC541308

This unit covers skills and techniques for supervising patrons to include preventive actions to eliminate hazards and risks in aquatic venues

1. Perform lifeguarding scanning
   • Senses are used to sweep happenings around an aquatic environment.
   • Danger points are attended in an aquatic venue.
   • Potential trouble or distressed behaviors of active bathers are detected.
   • Sensory input scanning is provided in screening patrons for child supervision.
   • Scanning strategy is applied to quickly recognize / respond to aquatic incidents in accordance with ILS as specified in Handbook on Lifeguarding.
   • Supervision zones are plotted and degree of supervision for physically able and pregnant women are intensified in accordance with ILS as specified in Handbook on Lifeguarding.
   • Communication with patrons is maintained in accordance with ILS as specified in Handbook on Lifeguarding.
2. Strategize preventive actions for hazards and risks control
   • Degree of supervision on aquatic facilities is intensified in accordance with ILS as specified in Lifeguarding Handbook.
   • Aquatic safety supervision is performed in accordance with ILS as specified in Lifeguarding Handbook.
   • On-site surveillance is demonstrated in accordance with ILS as specified in Lifeguarding Handbook.
3. Follow safety guidelines for varied contemporary leisure pool and aquatic facilities
   • Operation and potential difficulties associated with various leisure pool accessories and rescue performance in special environment are applied.
   • Lifeguarding strategies and rescue procedures for each aquatic leisure facilities is implemented accordance with ILS as specified in Lifeguarding Handbook.
4. Monitor water quality for swimming
   • Appropriate amount of water sample is retrieved in test tubes using chlorine testing kit.
   • Clarity and color of water sample is compared versus the sealed tubes provided in the test kit.
   • Actual chlorine level is determined by reading the marked number in the most identical sealed tube of the test kit.
   • Rechecking chlorine level reading is repeated.
   • Chlorine test result is recorded and notified to immediate superior.
   • Records of chlorine level tested is maintained according to company policies and procedures

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM EMERGENCY RESPONSE TECHNIQUES
UNIT CODE : SOC541309

This unit covers skills and attitude required in conducting emergency response and applying first aid techniques with oxygen, spinal injury management and aftercare.

1. Recognize and assess the level of emergency and determine appropriate intervention
   • Signs of escalating distress are detected and people in distress are safely assisted.
   • Passive and active drowning persons are distinguished in accordance with ILS as specified in Lifeguarding Handbook.
   • Minor emergency is attended immediately in accordance with ILS as specified in Lifeguarding Handbook.
   • Major emergency is responded and evacuation is facilitated, (when necessary) as per Emergency Action Plan Guidelines.
2. Perform aquatic emergency procedures
   • Aquatic venue Emergency Action Plans (EAP) is prepared.
   • Established aquatic emergency procedures are rehearsed.
   • Crowd control is established with assistance from bystanders
   • Emergency services are activated as per emergency telephone procedure in accordance with ILS as specified in Lifeguarding Handbook.
   • Emergency incident is recorded as per legal response procedures in accordance with ILS as specified in Lifeguarding Handbook.
3. Intervene in rescue emergency
   • Contact and noncontact rescue are demonstrated in accordance with ILS as specified in Lifeguarding Handbook.
   • Carries and supports in open water are performed in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook.
   • Spinal injury in open water is managed as per provisions in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook.
   • Mass rescue is demonstrated in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook.
4. Use appropriate lifeguarding and rescue aid, equipment and watercrafts
   • Use of rescue tube when retrieving patients in open water is demonstrated in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook
   • Use of rescue boards for reaching patients in open water is demonstrated in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook
   • Open water maneuvers of motorized rescue crafts (Jet ski, inflatable rescue boats and motor pump boats) are performed in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM DEFIBRILLATION AND OXYGEN THERAPY
UNIT CODE : SOC541310

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes in performing defibrillation and oxygen therapy

1. Prepare AED equipment and accessories
   • AED equipment and accessories are checked regularly for functionality and normal operation in preparation for defibrillation in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook.
   • AED equipment is placed on stand-by for immediate access in an emergency.
2. Determine if victim needs defibrillation
   • Victim is checked in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook.
   • Need for defibrillation is confirmed after verifying that victim has no signs of life.
3. Operate AED machine
   • Defibrillation safety procedure is observed in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook.
   • AED is turned on and start-up prompts are followed in preparation for operation of AED machine in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook.
   • Electrode pads are connected to the chest of victim and shock is delivered following AED prompts as per manufacturers specification.
   • AED specific instructions are followed according to manufacturer’s specification.
   • Basic life support protocol to victim is maintained as prompted according to manufacturer’s specification.
   • Victim is re-assessed for further intervention in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook
4. Administer oxygen therapy to victim
   • Victim in need of oxygen therapy is identified and necessary materials for oxygen therapy is prepared in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook.
   • Safe environment for oxygen therapy is determined and precautions in using oxygen are met.
   • Appropriate oxygen therapy method to victim is performed in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : COMMUNICATE USING RADIO TRANSCEIVER
UNIT CODE : SOC541311

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude in radio communication as a means to provide efficient emergency assistance during lifesaving operation.

1. Demonstrate radio equipment operation (hand-held and mobile)
   • Basic parts of radio equipment are Identified according to manufacturer’s specification.
   • Care of Radio Equipment is observed in accordance with manufacturers specification.
   • Channel band is established and radio Stations in a network call signs are Identified.
   • Procedural Words (prowords) during radio communication are used in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook
   • Regular Radio checks for readability is conducted and radio logbook is filled out clearly.
2. Communicate emergency calls
   • “Rescue, Rescue, Rescue” as an Emergency Call is communicated in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook.
   • Emergency information using the 4Ps method is communicated in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook.
   • Radio Interruptions are managed in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook.
3. Maintain radio equipment
   • Routine and Emergency Radio Maintenance of radio equipment is performed as per manufacturers specification.
   • Battery is charged as per specification by radio brand manufacturer.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : ESTABLISH PUBLIC SAFETY CONSCIOUSNESS AND MEASURES INAQUATIC-RELATED EVENTS
UNIT CODE : SOC541312

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes in conducting aquatic risk assessment, hazard mapping and setting up lifeguard patrols for events at leisure pools, beaches, rivers and lakes.

1. Conduct Aquatic Risk Assessment and Hazard Mapping
   • Clients or aquatic event organizer is coordinated in accordance with ILS as specified in Public Safety and Aquatic Rescue Handbook.
   • Risk and hazards associated with aquatic events are identified, rated, analyzed and prioritized in accordance Coastal Public Safety Guidelines.
   • Measures to minimize sources of risk and hazards to event organizers and clients are discussed in accordance to Coastal Public Safety Guidelines.
   • Hazards in the area are controlled by putting signage or event organizer /clients advised to a safer activity venue, where necessary.
2. Establish Patrol Zones and Lifeguard Services
   • Specific patrolling methods at patrol zones are defined in accordance to Coastal Public Safety Guidelines.
   • Parameters for lifeguard operation is established in accordance to Coastal Public Safety Guidelines.
   • Patrol service agreement and standard operating procedures with event/organizers and resort owners are signed-up in accordance to Coastal Public Safety Guidelines.
   • Patrol Flags are prepared incompliance with ISO20712-1-2008,ISO20712-2-2008For Water Safety signs and Beach Safety Flags
   • Lifesaving Equipment is prepared in the designated swim or activity area.
   • Patrol flags are hoisted based on acceptable lifeguard patrol and zoning protocols in compliance with ISO20712-1-2008,ISO20712-2-2008 for Water Safety signs and Beach Safety Flags
   • Patrolled areas and safety buffer zones are established in accordance to Coastal Public Safety Guidelines.
   • Closing of aquatic venue is recommended to event organizer should prevailing situation endanger public safety.

COMMON COMPETENCIES

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS ON WATER SAFETY
UNIT CODE : SOC541203

This unit covers knowledge, skills and attitude to be safe in and around waters of recreation venues or places of normal abode.

1. Implement the Aqua code
   • “Buddy system’ is practiced on or near water.
   • Aqua code drills for staying afloat and waving if in trouble with water is applied in accordance with established standards.
   • Procedure in reaching out a stick or throwing a rope is demonstrated in accordance with Aqua code.
2. Use identifiable clothing and outdoor protective devices
   • Wearing of red and yellow uniform is complied in accordance with ILS Lifesaving Position Statement – LPS 05.
   • Sun protection devices and topical solutions are utilized in accordance with the ILS Medical Position Statement MPS 02.
3. Interpret standard water safety flags and signs
   • Hoisting of red over yellow flag or other water safety flags is practiced in any aquatic environment consistent with ISO 20712-1-2008.
   • Water safety signs are identified in line with Aquatic and Recreational Signage Style.
4. Spot dangers of different aquatic environments
   • Dangers brought by currents, crumbling banks, uneven river beds and submerged obstacles in rivers, creeks and waterholes are recognized in accordance with ILS.
   • Potential dangers in lakes, dams and lagoons are Identified in accordance with ILS.
   • Dangers of water bodies in farms, ponds, and swimming pool are detected in accordance with ILS.
   • Potential dangers in home aquatic environments are checked in accordance with ILS.
5. Follow safety guidelines of different aquatic activities
   • Guidelines for swimming at swimming pools are implemented in accordance with ILS.
   • Guidelines for swimming at the beach are implemented in accordance with ILS.
   • Guidelines for swimming in waves is are implemented in accordance with ILS.
   • Guidelines for swimming at a river are implemented in accordance with ILS.
   • Guidelines for safe fishing are implemented in accordance with ILS.
   • Guidelines for safe watercraft re-creation are implemented in accordance with ILS.
   • Guidelines for safe surfing are implemented in accordance with ILS.
   • Guidelines for safe recreational diving and snorkeling are implemented in accordance with ILS.
   • Guidelines for the conduct of water safety education and programs are implemented in accordance with Water Safety

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM RESUSCITATION (CPR + ILCOR + After Care)
UNIT CODE : SOC541204

This unit covers competency in resuscitation administration to victim prior to arrival of appropriately qualified personnel.

1. Recognize the function of human respiratory system
   • Respiratory system is discussed in accordance with the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • Composition of air and gas exchange process in the respiratory system is discussed in accordance with the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • Pathway of air through respiratory system is discussed the in accordance with the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • Mechanics of breathing during inspiration and expiration are demonstrated in accordance with the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
2. Determine the function of human circulatory system
   • Parts of the heart is discussed in accordance with the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • Circulatory system is discussed in accordance with the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • Functions of blood vessels and components of the blood in line with Swimming and Lifesaving Manual on Resuscitation.
3. Apply resuscitation
   • Circumstance/s that led to respiratory failure is assessed in accordance with the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • Resuscitation Action Plan (DRSABCD) is performed in accordance with the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
4. Follow after care procedures to drowning victim
   • Victim is maintained in recovery position after determining signs of life in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • General after care procedures is applied in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • Transport of victim to hospital by ambulance or any other vehicle is initiated and use of oxygen to victim by qualified lifeguards is assisted in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PROVIDE EMERGENCY CARE (FIRST AID)
UNIT CODE : SOC541205

This unit covers the competency required to provide basic lifesaving to victim prior to arrival of appropriately qualified personnel.

1. Assess aquatic emergency situation
   • Signs and symptoms of aquatic injury are detected in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • Available first aid kits are used in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • Triage procedure on emergency having multiple casualties is implemented in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
2. Apply first aid
   • Illness is managed and hygiene in emergency situation is maintained in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • Emergency services is requested to transport patient to hospital is assisted in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
3. Communicate details of the incident
   • First Aid records or logs of injury or incident is documented in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • Data on injury or incident is submitted to emergency or medical service providers in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM LIFEGUARDING HAND AND WHISTLE SIGNALS
UNIT CODE : SOC541206

This unit covers knowledge and inter-communication skills required for hand signals and whistles.

1. Specify hand and whistle signals for inter-lifeguard communication
   • Whistle signaling is interpreted in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • Hand signaling is coded and decoded in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
2. Demonstrate whistle and hand signals as transmitter and receiver
   • Positioned at short distance and as a transmitter whistle and hand signaling is initiated in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • A specific whistle and hand signal instructions is demonstrated to a receiving lifeguard in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • Instructions are acknowledged and responded by receiver in accordance with ILS as specified in the Handbook on Swimming and Lifesaving.
   • Actions carried by receiver are observed to check correctness of message and action delivery for a successful communication.

BASIC COMPETENCIES

The BASIC COMPETENCIES refer to non-technical skills (knowledge, skills and attitudes) that everybody will need in order to perform satisfactorily at work and in society and are considered portable and transferable irrespective of jobs and industrial settings.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : LEAD WORKPLACE COMMUNICATION
UNIT CODE : 500311109

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to lead in the dissemination and discussion of ideas, information and issues in the workplace.

1. Communicate information about workplace processes
   • Appropriate communication method is selected
   • Multiple operations involving several topics areas are communicated accordingly
   • Questions are used to gain extra information
   • Correct sources of information are identified
   • Information is selected and organized correctly
   • Verbal and written reporting is undertaken when required
   • Communication skills are maintained in all situations
2. Lead workplace discussions
   • Response to workplace issues are sought
   • Response to workplace issues are provided immediately
   • Constructive contributions are made to workplace discussions on such issues as production, quality and safety
   • Goals/objectives and action plan undertaken in the workplace are communicated
3. Identify and communicate issues arising in the workplace
   • Issues and problems are identified as they arise
   • Information regarding problems and issues are organized coherently to ensure clear and effective communication
   • Dialogue is initiated with appropriate personnel
   • Communication problems and issues are raised as they arise

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : LEAD SMALL TEAMS
UNIT CODE : 500311110

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes to lead small teams including setting and maintaining team and individual performance standards.

1. Provide team leadership
   • Work requirements are identified and presented to team members
   • Reasons for instructions and requirements are communicated to team members
   • Team members’ queries and concerns are recognized, discussed and dealt with
2. Assign responsibilities
   • Duties, and responsibilities are allocated having regard to the skills, knowledge and aptitude required to properly undertake the assigned task and according to company policy
   • Duties are allocated having regard to individual preference, domestic and personal considerations, whenever possible
3. Set performance expectations for team members
   • Performance expectations are established based on client needs and according to assignment requirements
   • Performance expectations are based on individual team members duties and area of responsibility
   • Performance expectations are discussed and disseminated to individual team members
4. Supervised team performance
   • Monitoring of performance takes place against defined performance criteria and/or assignment instructions and corrective action taken if required
   • Team members are provided with feedback, positive support and advice on strategies to overcome any deficiencies
   • Performance issues which cannot be rectified or addressed within the team are referenced to appropriate personnel according to employer policy
   • Team members are kept informed of any changes in the priority allocated to assignments or tasks which might impact on client/customer needs and satisfaction
   • Team operations are monitored to ensure that employer/client needs and requirements are met
   • Follow-up communication is provided on all issues affecting the team
   • All relevant documentation is completed in accordance with company procedures

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : DEVELOP AND PRACTICE NEGOTIATION SKILLS
UNIT CODE : 500311111

This unit covers the skills, knowledge and attitudes required to collect information in order to negotiate to a desired outcome and participate in the negotiation.

1. Plan negotiations
   • Information on preparing for negotiation is identified and included in the plan
   • Information on creating non verbal environments for positive negotiating is identified and included in the plan
   • Information on active listening is identified and included in the plan
   • Information on different questioning techniques is identified and included in the plan
   • Information is checked to ensure it is correct and up-to- date
2. Participate in negotiations
   • Criteria for successful outcome are agreed upon by all parties
   • Desired outcome of all parties are considered
   • Appropriate language is used throughout the negotiation
   • A variety of questioning techniques are used
   • The issues and processes are documented and agreed upon by all parties
   • Possible solutions are discussed and their viability assessed
   • Areas for agreement are confirmed and recorded
   • Follow-up action is agreed upon by all parties

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : SOLVE PROBLEMS RELATED TO WORK ACTIVITIES
UNIT CODE : 500311112

This unit of covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to solve problems in the workplace including the application of problem solving techniques and to determine and resolve the root cause of problems.

1. Identify the problem
   • Variances are identified from normal operating parameters; and product quality
   • Extent, cause and nature are of the problem are defined through observation, investigation and analytical techniques
   • Problems are clearly stated and specified
2. Determine fundamental causes of the problem
   • Possible causes are identified based on experience and the use of problem solving tools / analytical techniques.
   • Possible cause statements are developed based on findings
   • Fundamental causes are identified per results of investigation conducted
3. Determine corrective action
   • All possible options are considered for resolution of the problem
   • Strengths and weaknesses of possible options are considered
   • Corrective actions are determined to resolve the problem and possible future causes
   • Action plans are developed identifying measurable objectives, resource needs and timelines in accordance with safety and operating procedures
4. Provide recommendation/s to manager
   • Report on recommendations are prepared
   • Recommendations are presented to appropriate personnel.
   • Recommendations are followed-up, if required

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : USE MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES
UNIT CODE : 500311113

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required in the application of mathematical concepts and techniques.

1. Identify mathematical tools and techniques to solve problem
   • Problem areas are identified based on given condition
   • Mathematical techniques are selected based on the given problem
2. Apply mathematical procedure/solution
   • Mathematical techniques are applied based on the problem identified
   • Mathematical computations are performed to the level of accuracy required for the problem
   • Results of mathematical computation is determined and verified based on job requirements
3. Analyze results
   • Result of application is reviewed based on expected and required specifications and outcome
   • Appropriate action is applied in case of error

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : USE RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES
UNIT CODE : 500311114

This unit of competency covers the knowledge, skills, and attitude required in selecting, sourcing and applying appropriate and affordable technologies in the workplace.

1. Study/select appropriate technology
   • Usage of different technologies is determined based on job requirements
   • Appropriate technology is selected as per work specification
2. Apply relevant technology
   • Relevant technology is effectively used in carrying out function
   • Applicable software and hardware are used as per task requirement
   • Management concepts are observed and practiced as per established industry practices
3. Maintain/enhance relevant technology
   • Maintenance of technology is applied in accordance with the industry standard operating procedure, manufacturer’s operating guidelines and occupational health and safety procedure to ensure its operative ability
   • Updating of technology is maintained through continuing education or training in accordance with job requirement
   • Technology failure/ defect is immediately reported to the concern/responsible person or section for appropriate action

DEFINITION OF TERMS

• Action – Third stage of a rescue; developing a plan and effecting the rescue. Advance Life Support
• (ALS) – The addition of oxygen and the administering of some drugs as an extension of Basic Life Support (BLS) techniques.
• AED – Automatic external defibrillator.
• After care – Fourth stage of a rescue; giving aid until medical teams arrives.
• Airway – Passage by which air enters and leaves the lungs.
• ALS– – Advance Life Support.
• Aquacode – Three, easy-to-remember rules of water safety.
• Armpit tow – A contact tow used for a cooperative weak, tired, or injured casualty.
• Assessment – Second stage of rescue; making informed judgments.
• Assisted Lift – A method used to land an uncooperative casualty from deep water.
• Awareness – First stage of a rescue; recognizing an emergency accepting responsibility.
• Back blow – Blow given between the shoulder blades, with the heel of the hand, in the direction of the head.
• Backstroke – A swimming stroke developed from a back float used in survival, competition and recreation.
• Basic Life Support (BLS) – The skill which will save life in an emergency. These skills include airway managements, rescue breathing, and cardiac compressions. Since 2006, organizations throughout the world have included understanding of defibrillation as a part of BLS.
• Beach Safety Flags – An item of colored fabric or synthetic material, of an oblong or
  square shape, attached by one edge to a pole or rope and used to give a safety message.
• BLS – Basic Life Support
• Breaststroke – A swimming stroke used in survival, rescue, competition recreation.
• Buoyant – Capable of keeping float.
• Butterfly – A completive swimming stroke developed from breaststroke.
• Capsize – To overturn of sink a craft.
• Cardiac arrest – Cessation of heart beat.
  Cardiopulmonary
• Resuscitation (CPR) – Combines rescue breathing and chest compressions.
• Chest compressions – Compression of the sternum to provide circulation to sustain life
• Chin lift – The technique of supporting the jaw to prevent the tongue from Blocking the airway.
• Compact jump – A feet-first entry into deep water from a height of more than one meter.
• Competency test – Test which requires demonstration of current skill level.
• CPR – Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
• Cross chest tow – A contact tow used to retrieve an unconscious person in rough conditions.
• Current – Portion of a body of water moving in a certain direction.
• Danger – Signal word used to indicate an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
• Deep – Extending far below surface of water and beyond where a person can stand
• Defensive position – Position which allows a rescuer to take back away quickly.
• Defibrillation – The use of an electric shock to stop ventricular fibrillation.
• Defibrillator – An electrical machine which is used to reverse electrical abnormalities in the heart.
• Double shoulder tow – contact tow, which permits high head elevation of an unconscious casualty.
• DOH – Department of Health
• Drowning – The process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion from liquid.
• EAR – Expired Air Resuscitation
• Eddy – Whirlpool in the water created by a current.
• Eggbeater kick – Powerful trending water technique useful in rescues.
• Emergency care – The aid given to the injured or suddenly ill by the first person on the scene.
• Expiration – Breathing out.
• Extended arm rollover – Method of turning over a face-down person, with a suspected spinal injury, in water shallower than waist depth.
• First aid – Initial of emergency help given to a casualty.
• Freestyle – A fast swimming stroke used in competition, survival, rescue and recreation.
• Hazard – Potential source of harm
• Head tow – A contact tow using a firm grip on the head used to retrieve an unconscious person.
• Heat stroke – A severe, life threatening form of heat illness.
• Heart attack – Damage to the heart muscle due to interruption of its blood supply.
• HELP – Heat Escape Lessening Posture.
• Horizontal – Parallel to the surface of the water.
• Huddle technique – Small group survival technique using the same principals as the HELP technique.
• Hydrodynamic lift – The force created by the unequal velocity of fluid flowing past each side of a body which is non-symmetrical to the flow.
• Hyperthermia – Condition on the body when the core temperature rises above 39degrees Celsius.
• Hyperventilation – Excessive oxygenation of the blood resulting a rapid decrease in carbon dioxide.
• Hypothermia – Occurs when exposure to cold air or cold water causes the body’s core temperature to fall below 35 degrees Celsius.
• ILCOR – International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation
• ILS – International Life Saving Federation
• Immerse – To place under water.
• Initiative test – Assessment of a simulated rescue situation.
• IRB – Inflatable Rescue Boat
• Inspiration – Breathing in.
• Landing – Any method used to remove a casualty from the water.
• Lifeguard – Lifesaver, whether voluntary of paid, who has professional Responsibility for the safety of others.
• Lifesaving – Saving of life through prevention of accident, personal Survival and rescue of others.
• Longitudinal – Along the surface of the water.
• NTC – National Telecommunication Commission
• Near drowning – Survival or a casualty after immersion accident.
• Oxygen – Gas essential for life and which makes up to 21 per cent of atmospheric air.
• PFD – Personal flotation device.
• Piggyback carry – A landing technique where casualty is placed on the rescuer’s back.
• Propulsion – Any force which drives the body through the water.
• Pulmonary – Pertaining to or connected to the lungs.
• Reach rescue – A safe method of rescue where the rescuer reaches with an aid to assist the person in difficulty.
• Recovery position – Position in which an unconscious casualty is placed to allow observation of breathing and prevent obstruction the airway.
• Rescue breathing – Blowing air into a casualty’s mouth or nose to maintain life when breathing has stopped.
• Respiration – The process of using oxygen to obtain energy in cells.
• Respiratory failure – A person’s breathing becomes inadequate or stops completely.
• Resuscitation – The preservation or restoration of life by the establishment and/or maintenance of airway, breathing and circulation, and related emergency care.
• Rip – Fast-flowing body of water moving out to sea.
• Risk – Combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
• RNLI – Royal National Lifeboat Institution of UK
• Row rescue – A method of rescue where the rescuer uses water craft to get closer to a person in difficulty.
• Sculling – Movements of the hands, i a curved pattern, through the water to create a propulsive force.
• Shoulder carry – A landing technique where the casualty is placed over the rescuer’s shoulder.
• Sidestroke – A swimming stroke used in survival, rescue, competition and recreation.
• Skill – An ability, usually learned and acquired through training, to perform actions which achieve a desired outcome.
• Small Craft – Ranged of non- motorized water craft designed for personal use.
• Snag – An obstacle (e.g. a tree or rock) on the bottom of a waterway forming an impediment or danger to navigation.
• Snorkel – Tube designed to allow a swimmer to breathe while face down in the water.
• Spinal cord injury – Damage to the bundle of nerves which extends from the brain to the lower back.
• Sternum – Flat bone, lying in the front of the chest, to which most of the ribs are attached.
• Stirrup lift – An assisted lift from deep water when the casualty can cooperate.
• Stopper – Suction eddy created in fast-flowing currents on the Downstream side of rock formations and artificial structures.
• Stroke – Damage to the brain due to sudden blockage, or rupture of blood vessel in the brain.
• Support tow – A contact tow used for a non-breathing unconscious casualty.
• Survival backstroke – A swimming stroke which is effective for both survival and Rescue situations.
• Swim rescue – An accompanied rescue performed by a competent swimmer.
• Talk rescue – The safest rescue method, using voice and gestures to assist the Person in difficulty.
• Throw rescue – A safe method of rescue where the rescuer throws a rope or Buoyant aid to assist the person in difficulty.
• Tidal volume – Volume of gas moved during each respiratory cycle.
• Tow rescue – A method of rescue.
• Triage – Where there is more than one casualty, the sorting and Allocating of aid on the basis or urgency or need.
• Turbulence – Current in which the motion of the water at any point is disrupted in magnitude and direction.
• USLA – United States Lifesaving Association
• Vertical – Perpendicular (at 90 degrees) to the surface of the water.
• Vice grip – Method of turning over a face-down person, with a suspected spinal injury, in the water deeper than waist depth.
• Vice grip tow – A contact tow for an unconscious casualty with a suspected spinal injury.
• Wade rescue – A method of rescue where the rescuer wades into the water to be able to carry out a reach or throw rescue.
• Wave – A ridge or swell which forms on the surface of the water.
• Wrist tow – A contact tow used for a cooperative weak, tired, or injured Casualty.