TRANSMISSION LINE INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC III – TESDA COURSE MODULE

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TESDA TRAINING REGULATIONS FOR TRANSMISSION LINE INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC II COURSE

The TESDA Course in Transmission Line (T/L) Installation and Maintenance NC III consist of competencies that a person must achieve to enable him/her to perform all the required competencies of a transmission lineman as well as installation and performance of transmission line works for above 69 KV.

Specifically, this Training Regulations in Transmission Line Installation and Maintenance NC III involves competencies in installing/construction of new transmission line structures, performing overhead transmission line works, installing emergency restoration structure (ERS) and performing earth/ground resistance testing. It also includes competency in performing hotline maintenance works as elective.

This Qualification is packaged from the competency map of the Utilities industry sector.

A student who has achieved this TESDA Course in TRANSMISSION LINE INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC III is competent to be:

  • Senior Transmission lineman
  • Transmission Lineman

TRANSMISSION LINE INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC III COURSE MODULE

Course Title: TRANSMISSION LINE INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE
Level: NC III
Nominal Training Duration :

32 hours – Basic Competencies
60 hours – Common Competencies
116 hours – Core Competencies

Total Duration: 208 Hours

150 hours – Elective Competencies

This course is designed to develop & enhance the knowledge, skills, & attitudes of a transmission line lineman, in accordance with industry standards. It covers the basic and common competencies in addition to the core competencies such as installation/construction of new transmission line structures, performance of overhead transmission line works, installation of emergency restoration structure (ERS) and performance of earth/ground resistance testing. This course also includes competency in performance of hotline maintenance works as an elective unit.

The nominal duration of 208 hours covers the required units at Transmission Line Installation and Maintenance NC III. TVET providers can however, offer a longer, ladderized course covering the NC III basic, common and core units.

A nominal training duration of 150 hours for the elective unit – “Perform hotline maintenance works”, is included for additional competency.

TRAINEE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

Trainees or students wishing to enroll in these course qualifications should possess the following requirements:

  • Must have completed training or holder of Transmission Line Installation and Maintenance NC II with at least 1-yr work experience in transmission line installation and maintenance; or
  • Must be a holder of Electrical Power Distribution Line Construction NC II with at least 2-yrs of work experience in distribution line construction and maintenance
  • Able to communicate both in oral and written (either in English or local dialect)
  • Must be physically fit

This list does not include specific institutional requirements such as educational attainment, appropriate work experience and others that may be required from the trainees by the school or training center delivering the TVET program.

COMPETENCIES REQUIRED IN TRANSMISSION LINE INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC III

This units of competency comprising this qualification include Basic, Common, Elective and Core Competencies.

To obtain this TESDA course in TRANSMISSION LINE INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC III, all units prescribed for this qualification must be achieved.

These units of competency comprising this qualification include the following:

 

UNIT CODE CORE COMPETENCIES (116 Hours)
UTL741304 Install/construct new transmission line structures
UTL741305 Perform overhead transmission line works
UTL741306 Install emergency restoration structure (ERS)
UTL741307 Perform earth/ground resistance testing
UNIT CODE COMMON COMPETENCIES (60 Hours)
UTL311203 Apply quality standards
UTL311206 Comply with environmental protection procedures
UTL311201 Observe procedures, specifications and manuals of instruction
UTL311205 Operate and maintain hand/line tools and equipment
UTL311207 Perform Computer Operations
UNIT CODE BASIC COMPETENCIES (32 Hours)
500311109 Lead Workplace Communication
500311110 Lead Small Teams
500311111 Develop and Practice Negotiation skills
500311112 Solve Problems Related to Work Activities
500311113 Use Mathematical Concepts and Techniques
500311114 Use Relevant Technologies

This section gives the details and contents of the units of competency required in TRANSMISSION LINE INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC III. These units of competency are categorized into basic, common and core competencies.

CORE COMPETENCIES

This section gives the details of the contents of the core units of competency required in TRANSMISSION LINE INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NC III.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : INSTALL/CONSTRUCT NEW TRANSMISSION LINE STRUCTURES
UNIT CODE : UTL741304

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required to erect new transmission line pole. This unit includes competencies for installing of pole and/or removal of damaged/old poles, if necessary. This unit involves working with a team.

  1. Plan and prepare for work
    • Work instruction is secured according to job requirements
    • Relevant occupational health and safety requirements are identified following job specifications
    • Appropriate tools, equipment and hardware are identified and requested in accordance with job specifications
  2. Prepare hardware, transmission line tools and equipment
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are obtained following job requirements
    • Appropriate tools, equipment and hardware are acquired and secured in line with job requirements
    • Operational condition of transmission line tools and equipment are checked in accordance with its corresponding manual and company standards.
  3. Perform pole staking and excavation
    • Appropriate tools, equipment and hardware are used in line with job requirements
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are used following job requirements
    • Pole staking is performed based on area condition.
    • Excavation procedure is performed following established company standard and safety requirements
  4. Transport and drag pole to job site
    • Appropriate tools and equipment are used in line with job requirements
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are used following job requirements
    • Loading and unloading method for poles is performed following safety requirements
    • Poles are hauled based on proper hauling procedures
    • Poles are manually dragged, if necessary, based on proper dragging procedure
  5. Perform polesetting
    • Appropriate tools, equipment and hardware are used in line with job requirements
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are used following job requirements
    • Pole setting method is performed in line with job requirements
    • Housekeeping procedure is performed following company policies and procedures
  6. Remove/retrieve old pole
    • Appropriate tools, equipment and hardware are used in line with job requirement.
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are used following job requirements
    • Pole retrieval method is performed in line with job requirement
    • Housekeeping procedure is performed following company policies and procedures

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINE WORKS
UNIT CODE : UTL741305

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required in performing construction of overhead transmission line above 69 kV. This involves working with a team. The scope of this unit covers construction and maintenance of transmission line above 69 kV.

  1. Plan and prepare for work
    • Work instruction is secured in accordance with job requirements
    • Relevant occupational health and safety requirements are identified following job specifications
    • Appropriate transmission line tools, equipment and hardware are identified and requested in accordance with job specifications
  2. Prepare hardware, tools and equipment
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are obtained following job requirements
    • Appropriate tools, equipment and hardware are acquired and secured in line with job requirements
    • Functionality of tools and equipment is checked and tested in accordance with operational manual and company standards.
  3. Perform overhead maintenance works
    • Transmission line tools, equipment and hardware are used in line with job requirements
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are used following job requirements
    • Confirmation to proceed to work is secured from appropriate personnel in accordance with company procedures.
    • Line voltage detection is performed based on operational manual and company procedures.
    • Grounding clusters are installed based on power industry safety practices
    • Conductor riding activities are performed based on job requirements.
    • Overhead maintenance work is performed according to job specifications
    • Housekeeping procedure is performed in line with power industry procedure

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : INSTALL EMERGENCY RESTORATION STRUCTURE (ERS)
UNIT CODE : UTL741306

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude to install emergency restoration structure (ERS). This unit will involve working in a team environment.

  1. Plan and prepare for ERS work
    • Work instruction is secured and interpreted according to job requirements
    • Appropriate occupational health and safety requirements are identified following job specifications
    • Appropriate ERS tools, equipment and hardware are identified and requested in accordance with job specifications
  2. Prepare ERS hardware, tools and equipment
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are obtained following job requirements
    • Appropriate occupational health and safety requirements are identified following job specifications
    • ERS tools, equipment and hardware are secured in line with job requirements.
  3. Load and haul ERS components
    • ERS tools, equipment and hardware are used in line with job requirements
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are used following job requirements
    • Proper loading and unloading of ERS components is performed.
  4. Perform staking and anchor rod installation
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are used following job requirements
    • ERS tools, equipment and hardware are used in line with job requirements
    • ERS location including anchor rod staking procedure is performed in line with the manufacturer’s designed data.
    • Anchor rod is installed based on manufacturer’s designed data.
  5. Erect and dismantle ERS
    • Transmission line tools, equipment and hardware are used in line with job requirements
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are used following job requirements
    • ERS erection and dismantling activity is performed in line with job requirements
    • Housekeeping procedure is performed in line with company procedure and standards
  6. Install ERS components
    • ERS components are identified and secured based on manufacturer’s design data and job requirement.
    • ERS components are installed based on manufacturer’s design data and job requirement.
    • Housekeeping procedure is performed in line with company procedure and standards

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM EARTH/GROUND RESISTANCE TESTING
UNIT CODE : UTL741307

This unit describes the knowledge, skills and attitudes in proper using of earth/ground resistance tester in transmission line resistance testing. This unit will involve working in a team environment.

  1. Plan and prepare for work
    • Work instruction is secured according to job requirements
    • Relevant occupational health and safety requirements are identified following job specifications
    • Relevant transmission line tools and equipment are identified and requested in accordance with job specifications
  2. Prepare tools and equipment
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are obtained following job requirements.
    • Transmission line tools and equipment are secured in line with job requirements
    • Earth resistance tester’s condition and functionality are checked based on manufacturer’s equipment manual.
  3. Conduct earth/ground testing
    • Test rod location is identified based on equipment instructional manual.
    • Test rod is driven on identified ground location based equipment instructional manual.
    • Lead wires are laid out in accordance with earth/ground procedures.
    • Wire contact connections are firmly connected with the test and tower body.
    • Tester reading is recorded based on testing procedures.
    • Test result is submitted to concerned personnel in accordance with company procedures.

ELECTIVE COMPETENCIES

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM HOTLINE MAINTENANCE WORK
UNIT CODE : UTL741308

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude to perform hotline maintenance on any existing transmission line using both hot sticks method and bare hand method. This unit will involve working in a team environment.

  1. Plan and prepare for hotline work
    • Work instruction is secured according to job requirements.
    • Appropriate occupational health and safety requirements are identified following job specifications
    • Appropriate hotline tools, equipment and line hardware are identified and requested in accordance with the job specifications
  2. Prepare hotline and transmission line tools, equipment and line hardware
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are obtained following job requirements
    • Hotline, tools, equipment and line hardware are acquired and secured in line with job requirements
    • Cleaning and testing of insulated hot-sticks and ladder are performed based on manufacturer’s standards
  3. Perform hotline maintenance procedure
    • Hotline tools equipment and line hardware are used in line with job requirements
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are used following job safety requirements
    • Approved caution tag is verified/confirmed based on company policies and standards
    • Hotline maintenance work is performed based on job requirements and company policies and standards.
    • Housekeeping procedure is performed in line with company procedures and standards

COMMON COMPETENCIES

UNIT TITLE : APPLY QUALITY STANDARDS
UNIT CODE : UTL311203

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to apply quality standards in the workplace. The unit also includes the application of relevant safety procedures and regulations, organization procedures and customer requirements.

  1. Assess quality of received materials or components
    • Work instructions are obtained and work is carried out in accordance with standard operating procedures
    • Received materials or component parts are checked against workplace standards and specifications
    • Faulty material or components related to work are identified and isolated
    • Faults and any identified causes are recorded and/or reported to the supervisor concerned in accordance with workplace procedures
    • Faulty materials or components are replaced in accordance with workplace procedures
  2. Assess own work
    • Documentation relative to quality within the company is identified and used
    • Completed work is checked against workplace standards relevant to the task undertaken
    • Faulty pieces are identified and isolated
    • Information on the quality and other indicators of production performance is recorded in accordance with workplace procedures
    • Deviations from specified quality standards, causes are documented and reported in accordance with the workplace standards operating procedures
  3. Engage in quality improvement
    • Process improvement procedures are participated in relation to workplace assignment
    • Work is carried out in accordance with process improvement procedures
    • Performance of operation or quality of product or service to ensure customer satisfaction is monitored

UNIT TITLE : COMPLY WITH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROCEDURES
UNIT CODE : UTL311206

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to implement and monitor environmental protection policies and procedures including accessing relevant information concerning environmental protection regulations and procedures, and implementing and monitoring procedures concerning environmental hazards, related control procedures, environmental training arrangements, and required records and documentation

  1. Access information concerning environmental protection regulations and procedures
    • Relevant provisions of environmental legislation and codes of practice are accurately followed
    • Information on workplace environmental policies, procedures and programs is stored in a readily accessible location and manner
    • Information is accurately and clearly explained to the work team and updated according to change in workplace policy
    • Information about the outcomes of environmental risk identification and control procedures is provided to the appropriate personnel
  2. Implement and monitor procedures concerning environmental hazards
    • Existing and potential environmental hazards in the workplace are identified and reported
    • Identified hazards are assessed in relation to relevant environmental protection policies
    • Workplace procedures for dealing with hazardous events are implemented wherever necessary to ensure that prompt control action is taken
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are obtained and used in accordance with job requirements
    • Hazardous events are investigated to identify causes, and control measures are implemented to prevent recurrence and minimize risks of such events
  3. Implement and monitor environmental control procedures
    • Existing environmental protection measures are implemented, monitored and reviewed
    • Work procedures to protect environment are implemented and adherence to them by the work group is monitored
    • Required improvements to existing control measures are identified, including required resources for implementation, and reported to appropriate personnel

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: OBSERVE PROCEDURES, SPECIFICATIONS AND MANUALS OF INSTRUCTIONS
UNIT CODE : UTL311201

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes on identifying, interpreting, applying services to specifications and manuals and storing manuals.

  1. Identify and access specification/ manuals
    • Appropriate manuals are identified and accessed as per job requirements
    • Version and date of manual are checked to ensure that correct specification and procedures are identified
  2. Interpret manuals
    • Relevant sections, chapters of specifications/ manuals are located in relation to the work to be conducted
    • Information and procedure in the manual are interpreted in accordance with industry practices
  3. Apply information in manual
    • Manual is interpreted according to job requirements
    • Work steps are correctly identified in accordance with manufacturer’s specification
    • Manual data are applied according to the given task
    • All correct sequencing and adjustments are interpreted in accordance with information contained on the manual or specifications
  4. Store manuals
    • Manual or specification is stored appropriately to prevent damage, ready access and updating of information when required in accordance with company requirements

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : OPERATE AND MAINTAIN LINE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
UNIT CODE : UTL311205

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude to operate and maintain distribution line tools and equipment. This unit will involve working in a team environment

  1. Plan and prepare for work
    • Work instruction is secured and interpreted according to job requirements
    • Relevant occupational health and safety requirements are identified following job specifications
    • Relevant distribution line tools, equipment and hardware are identified and requested in accordance with job specifications
  2. Prepare distribution line tools and equipment
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) are obtained following job requirements
    • Distribution line tools, equipment and hardware are acquired and secured in line with job requirements
    • Distribution line tools are tested/set following manufacturer’s standards or recommendation
  3. Operate distribution line tools and equipment
    • PPE are used in line with job requirements
    • Distribution line tools and equipment are used in line with job requirements
  4. Check condition of distribution line tools and equipment
    • Distribution line tools and equipment are identified according to classification and job requirements
    • Non-functional distribution line tools and equipment are segregated and labeled according to classification
    • Safety of distribution line tools and equipment are observed in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions
    • Condition of PPE are checked in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions
  5. Perform basic preventive maintenance
    • Appropriate lubricants are identified according to types of equipment
    • Equipment are lubricated according to preventive maintenance schedule or manufacturer’s specifications
    • Distribution line tools are cleaned and tested according to standard procedures
    • Distribution line tools and equipment are inspected, and repaired and replaced, if necessary, after use
    • Work place is cleaned and kept in safe state in line with OHSA regulations
  6. Store tools and equipment
    • Inventory of distribution line tools and equipment are conducted and recorded as per company practices
    • Distribution line tools and equipment are stored safely in appropriate locations in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications or company procedures

UNIT TITLE : PERFORM COMPUTER OPERATIONS
UNIT CODE : UTL311207

This unit covers the knowledge, skills, (and) attitudes and values needed to perform computer operations which include inputting, accessing, producing and transferring data using the appropriate hardware and software

  1. Plan and prepare for task to be undertaken
    • Requirements of task are determined according to job specifications
    • Appropriate hardware and software are selected according to task assigned and required outcome
    • Task is planned to ensure OH & S guidelines and procedures are followed
  2. Input data into computer
    • Data are entered into the computer using appropriate program/application in accordance with company procedures
    • Accuracy of information is checked and information is saved in accordance with standard operating procedures
    • Inputted data are stored in storage media according to requirements
    • Work is performed within ergonomic guidelines
  3. Access information using computer
    • Correct program/application is selected based on job requirements
    • Program/application containing the information required is accessed according to company procedures
    • Desktop icons are correctly selected, opened and closed for navigation purposes
    • Keyboard techniques are carried out in line with OH & S requirements for safe use of keyboards
  4. Produce/output data using computer system
    • Entered data are processed using appropriate software commands
    • Data printed out as required using computer hardware/peripheral devices in accordance with standard operating procedures
    • Files, data are transferred between compatible systems using computer software, hardware/ peripheral devices in accordance with standard operating procedures
  5. Maintain computer equipment and systems
    • Systems for cleaning, minor maintenance and replacement of consumables are implemented
    • Procedures for ensuring security of data, including regular back-ups and virus checks are implemented in accordance with standard operating procedures
    • Basic file maintenance procedures are implemented in line with the standard operating procedures

BASIC COMPETENCIES

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : LEAD WORKPLACE COMMUNICATION
UNIT CODE : 500311109

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to lead in the dissemination and discussion of ideas, information and issues in the workplace.

  1. Communicate information about workplace processes
    • Appropriate communication method is selected
    • Multiple operations involving several topics areas are communicated accordingly
    • Questions are used to gain extra information
    • Correct sources of information are identified
    • Information is selected and organized correctly
    • Verbal and written reporting is undertaken when required
    • Communication skills are maintained in all situations
  2. Lead workplace discussions
    • Response to workplace issues are sought
    • Response to workplace issues are provided immediately
    • Constructive contributions are made to workplace discussions on such issues as production, quality and safety
    • Goals/objectives and action plan undertaken in the workplace are communicated
  3. Identify and communicate issues arising in the workplace
    • Issues and problems are identified as they arise
    • Information regarding problems and issues are organized coherently to ensure clear and effective communication
    • Dialogue is initiated with appropriate personnel
    • Communication problems and issues are raised as they arise

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : LEAD SMALL TEAMS
UNIT CODE : 500311110

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes to lead small teams including setting and maintaining team and individual performance standards.

  1. Provide team leadership
    • Work requirements are identified and presented to team members
    • Reasons for instructions and requirements are communicated to team members
    • Team members’ queries and concerns are recognized, discussed and dealt with
  2. Assign responsibilities
    • Duties, and responsibilities are allocated having regard to the skills, knowledge and aptitude required to properly undertake the assigned task and according to company policy
    • Duties are allocated having regard to individual preference, domestic and personal considerations, whenever possible
  3. Set performance expectations for team members
    • Performance expectations are established based on client needs and according to assignment requirements
    • Performance expectations are based on individual team members duties and area of responsibility
    • Performance expectations are discussed and disseminated to individual team members
  4. Supervised team performance
    • Monitoring of performance takes place against defined performance criteria and/or assignment instructions and corrective action taken if required
    • Team members are provided with feedback, positive support and advice on strategies to overcome any deficiencies
    • Performance issues which cannot be rectified or addressed within the team are referenced to appropriate personnel according to employer policy
    • Team members are kept informed of any changes in the priority allocated to assignments or tasks which might impact on client/customer needs and satisfaction
    • Team operations are monitored to ensure that employer/client needs and requirements are met
    • Follow-up communication is provided on all issues affecting the team
    • All relevant documentation is completed in accordance with company procedures

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : DEVELOP AND PRACTICE NEGOTIATION SKILLS
UNIT CODE : 500311111

This unit covers the skills, knowledge and attitudes required to collect information in order to negotiate to a desired outcome and participate in the negotiation.

  1. Plan negotiations
    • Information on preparing for negotiation is identified and included in the plan
    • Information on creating non verbal environments for positive negotiating is identified and included in the plan
    • Information on active listening is identified and included in the plan
    • Information on different questioning techniques is identified and included in the plan
    • Information is checked to ensure it is correct and up-to- date
  2. Participate in negotiations
    • Criteria for successful outcome are agreed upon by all parties
    • Desired outcome of all parties are considered
    • Appropriate language is used throughout the negotiation
    • A variety of questioning techniques are used
    • The issues and processes are documented and agreed upon by all parties
    • Possible solutions are discussed and their viability assessed
    • Areas for agreement are confirmed and recorded
    • Follow-up action is agreed upon by all parties

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : SOLVE PROBLEMS RELATED TO WORK ACTIVITIES
UNIT CODE : 500311112

This unit of covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to solve problems in the workplace including the application of problem solving techniques and to determine and resolve the root cause of problems.

  1. Identify the problem
    • Variances are identified from normal operating parameters; and product quality
    • Extent, cause and nature are of the problem are defined through observation, investigation and analytical techniques
    • Problems are clearly stated and specified
  2. Determine fundamental causes of the problem
    • Possible causes are identified based on experience and the use of problem solving tools / analytical techniques.
    • Possible cause statements are developed based on findings
    • Fundamental causes are identified per results of investigation conducted
  3. Determine corrective action
    • All possible options are considered for resolution of the problem
    • Strengths and weaknesses of possible options are considered
    • Corrective actions are determined to resolve the problem and possible future causes
    • Action plans are developed identifying measurable objectives, resource needs and timelines in accordance with safety and operating procedures
  4. Provide recommendation/s to manager
    • Report on recommendations are prepared
    • Recommendations are presented to appropriate personnel.
    • Recommendations are followed-up, if required

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : USE MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES
UNIT CODE : 500311113

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required in the application of mathematical concepts and techniques.

  1. Identify mathematical tools and techniques to solve problem
    • Problem areas are identified based on given condition
    • Mathematical techniques are selected based on the given problem
  2. Apply mathematical procedure/solution
    • Mathematical techniques are applied based on the problem identified
    • Mathematical computations are performed to the level of accuracy required for the problem
    • Results of mathematical computation is determined and verified based on job requirements
  3. Analyze results
    • Result of application is reviewed based on expected and required specifications and outcome
    • Appropriate action is applied in case of error

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : USE RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES
UNIT CODE : 500311114

This unit of competency covers the knowledge, skills, and attitude required in selecting, sourcing and applying appropriate and affordable technologies in the workplace.

  1. Study/select appropriate technology
    • Usage of different technologies is determined based on job requirements
    • Appropriate technology is selected as per work specification
  2. Apply relevant technology
    • Relevant technology is effectively used in carrying out function
    • Applicable software and hardware are used as per task requirement
    • Management concepts are observed and practiced as per established industry practices
  3. Maintain/enhance relevant technology
    • Maintenance of technology is applied in accordance with the industry standard operating procedure, manufacturer’s operating guidelines and occupational health and safety procedure to ensure its operative ability
    • Updating of technology is maintained through continuing education or training in accordance with job requirement
    • Technology failure/ defect is immediately reported to the concern/responsible person or section for appropriate action

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